Points About a Crafting Business

1. Why does crafting strategy have a strongly entrepreneurial character? Courtney (2) notes that in a rapidly changing environment, this year's indicators are not a good measure of what will happen in the future. Instead, there is a need to develop foresight. This involved looking to the future and spotting potential opportunities and potential threats before they are actually present. This is entrepreneurial in the sense that it involves looking to the future and seeing things before they are actually present. Crafting strategy also involves a new approach to business where the focus is on managing and risk and choosing the best kind of action, while there remains a level of certainty. These aspects of crafting strategy have a strong entrepreneurial character. Finally, crafting strategy requires vision and creativity. It differs from traditional management strategies because there are no certainties. Organizations cannot simply accept the environment as it is and aim to preserve the status quo. Organizations have to accept continual change, expect continual problems and challenges, and be innovative and creative in addressing these challenges. This need for innovation and creativity also has a strong entrepreneurial character. 2. What managerial purpose does the establishment of long-term objectives have? Long-term objectives are necessary to ensure that the organization is aware of what it wants to achieve. They focus the organization on its goals and provide a means of defining the desired outcome. Long-term objectives are also important because they are used to measure current and possible actions against. For example, the decision of whether or not to take a certain action can be based on whether or not it will help the organization achieve its goals. One of the other important points regarding long-term objectives is that they define the desired end-point, but do not define how that end-point is achieved. This means that the organization knows where it is going, but has the flexibility to adapt to the environment to determine how to get there. In this way, long-term objectives are important because they are a fixed point that guides the organizations toward its goals. 3. Competitive markets are economic battlefields. True or False. Explain. Competitive markets are economic battlefields. Thompson and Strickland note that in competitive markets, organizations constantly compete against each other in an attempt to gain advantages. One reason this is considered a battlefield is simply due to the competing. Another reason this is considered a battlefield is that organizations are competing to win the same thing, namely the consumer dollar. The third reason this is considered a battlefield is that a win by one organization means a loss for another. That is, for every consumer dollar that an organization wins, that is one less dollar going to a competitor. The next consideration is why it is considered an economic battlefield. The basic answer could be that organizations are competing to gain money, but there is more to it than this. It is also an economic battlefield because organizations win by improving economically. For example, if a manufacturing organization can find a way to produce a product for less money, they can pass this saving onto the consumer, and gain more consumers by having a lower price. Even if the price remains the same, organizations can benefit another way by producing the product for less, because they can invest that money into improving the product. The improved product then becomes the method by which they win the consumer dollar. Another important point is that winning economically often has future benefits. An organization that is winning the battle to win consumers will have more profits and these can be used to improve processes or products to provide even more future gains. Gains are also often made because their volume of trade increases. For manufacturers, they gain via economies of scale, where the more products that are made, the lower the cost becomes per product. The volume of trade can also give organizations more ability to negotiate with suppliers, partners, and retailers. The end result is that an organization winning the economic battle will often gain benefits that will allow it to improve economically even more. Returning to the battlefield idea, this can be considered as one army losing soldiers and become weaker, while the other army gains them and becomes even stronger. As the balance swings, the stronger side continues to increase in strength, forcing the weaker side out.

Nutrition and Health Worksheet

Nutrition and Health Worksheet use Ch. 1 of Contemporary Nutrition, Ch. 2 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the university Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be 75 to 100 words. 1 . What Is nutrition? Why Is nutrition essential to our dally lives? Nutrition Is the science of our Intake and utlllzatlon of food. Proper nutrltlon can help prevent or lessen the Instances of disease. Improper nutrltlon can lead to a weakened Immune system and even disease.In fact, A poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle are known to be risk factors for lite-threatening chronic diseases such as cardiovascular (heart) disease, hypertension, diabetes, and some forms of cancer. Furthermore a well-balanced diet can improve daily performance mentally, emotionally, physically and spiritually. Reference: Contemporary Nutrition, Eighth Edition Chapter 1: What You Eat and Why Author: Gordon M. wardlaw, PH. D. , Anne M. smithPH. D? R. D. , L. D. copyright C 2011 McGraw-Hill Company 2. What is the connection between nutrition and health?Nutrients are the substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life. † Study after study has shown that people who eat whole foods rich in nutrients enjoy vital health, longer life and a reduced risk of many diseases. Eating nutrient-rich foods can also help people to maintain healthy body weight; being overweight or obese has been found to be linked to numerous chronic diseases. If people are careful with their nutrition they can live almost worry free until their body naturally slows down. 3. What are the six classes of nutrients? What are essential nutrients?What are the sources of nutrients? What do nutrients do? The SIX classes of nutrients are Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. According to Wardlaw and Smith essential nutrients are food substances that provide energy, Promote Growth, Development, Maintenance, and Regulate Body Processes. All six classes are essential nutrients that are broken up Into three subgroups according to their purpose. The sources of these nutrients include meats, nuts, fish, dairy, fruits and brings its unique and important value to promote health and welfare of the body, ind, and spirit. . How do vitamins and minerals work? Vitamins and minerals are needed by the body in such small amounts that they are called micronutrients. However they play a very important role that is divinely possible due to their chemical properties. Vitamins act like catalysts when it comes to nutrient processing. The body needs to utilize their precious chemical compounds and elements to release the energy from nutrients once they are inside the body. Minerals on the other hand are simple inorganic substance that helps build certain parts of our bodies. 5. What does it mean to eat a balanced diet?Why is food choice important for good nutrition? To eat a balanced diet one should make sure to take portions from all the nutrient classes appropriately. This may change from one person to the next and so we all should have a eating plan that helps us balance our ratios of meats, vegetables, fruit and nuts. The most neglected regimen is the recommended 5-9 servings of fruits and vegetables a day and these items are usually replaced with convenience food. Food choice is important for performance and well-being so we should be careful not to fall into social traps and pressure induced feeding frenzies. . What is undernutrition? What is overnutrition? Under-nutrition is a condition that occurs when a person consumes a diet that does not meet the requirements for the amount of essential nutrients or calories a person needs to remain healthy. This type of malnutrition can occur when people are not eating enough food, or when the food they are eating does not contain well-balanced nutrients. Over-nutrition occurs when a person consume s a diet that exceeds the requirements for the amount of essential nutrients, or the amount of calories a person needs to remain healthy.

Biology of Asthma and Allergic Disease

Biology of Asthma and Allergic Disease I. ABSTRACT The increasing prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases had inspired various researchers to conduct studies that will help understand the main causes, and solutions to the identified problem. This paper is important in creating a wider and deeper awareness and knowledge of asthma and allergic diseases. The study of the Biology of Asthma and Allergic Diseases intends to show the relationship between the increased prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases, and the hygiene hypothesis. The hygiene hypothesis claims that increasing exposure to dirt helps in creating an immune system that helps lower the incidence of asthma and allergic diseases. In this regard, gathering various studies, evaluating and creating lists of valuable evidences, and intelligently presenting them in this paper will help the public in many ways. First, the readers of this paper will have a better understanding of the biology of asthma and allergic diseases and to adopt possible solutions; second, this paper will pose a challenge to researchers, interested on this topic, to conduct further research studies; and third, various institutions studying this phenomenon may utilize this research to further support their claims. II. INTRODUCTION Asthma and allergic disease pose an increasing threat to humans. According to asthma statistics, there are an estimated 300 million people around the world who suffers from asthma, and 250,000 deaths have been attributed to the disease annually (www.aaaai.org). In the United States, there are an estimated 34.1 million Americans during their lifetime, who have been diagnosed with the asthma disease (www.aaaai.org). What is more disturbing is the fact that, about 70% of people with asthma have allergies as well. The American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology estimated that by the year 2025, over 100 million people will have asthma. In a survey conducted in the homes of Americans, it was found out that approximately one quarter had dust mit es allergens in their bed, which is considered high enough level to trigger asthma. Statistics also showed that in 2007, 29% of children who had an allergy to food also had asthma. In fact, asthma was ranked as the third reason for the hospitalization among children under 15 years old (www.aaaai.org). This paper titled Biology of Asthma and Allergic Disease: Hygiene hypothesis explains the biological basis of asthma and allergic diseases and the hygiene hypothesis as its focus area of research. The researcher will also focus on providing a deeper understanding of asthma and allergic disease, in terms of the disease s form, structure, function, growth and development, and behavior. Current researches on the hygiene hypothesis will be presented including the study s aim, methods and results. Moreover, this research paper will explain the value and application of the related research findings to the public health. Likewise, examples will be provided to give the readers with an understa nding of how the presented information can be used in improving the public health policy, programs, and practice. III. RESEARCH The increase cases of asthma and allergic disease around the world have led to various researches and studies of its causes. The International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children in 2003, revealed that countries such as Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom have the highest prevalence of asthma (Holgate, 2004). The percentage rate of children with asthma in these countries was recorded at 20%, way higher than the recorded asthma patients in Central Africa, Central and Eastern Europe and China, which was less than 5% (Holgate, 2004). The report was confirmed when the European Community Respiratory Health Survey gathered almost similar results on difference of the prevalence on adult asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in intercountry samples (Holgate, 2004). Although the suspected cause of the increased asthma may be genetic, a critical role of the environmental factors in the increased prevalence of asthma and other allergic disease is almost certain (Jarvis & Burney, 2000).

How Newspapers and magazines can profit through online social networks Essay

How Newspapers and magazines can profit through online social networks (eg facebook) and expend their marketing - Essay Example In a qualitative study that attempts to explore the many ways in which users are experiencing the use of Facebook and Twitter in reference the The Sun and The Daily Telegraph, the ways in which the newspaper industry can find advantages to using online social networks will be examined. The explosion of the internet into a global phenomenon of information has created a substantial increase in the way that businesses can communicate about their services. As a business, the newspaper industry has the opportunity to take advantage of a great many advantages that the rise of social networks has provided. Services such as Facebook and Twitter provide a forum that can act as both a promotional tool and an outlet for information that the newspaper wishes to share. As well, the community can utilize the information in such a way as to create informed choices as to which newspaper represents their point of view in reporting. The study that is being undertaken has been designed to discuss the use of social networks, specifically Facebook and Twitter, in order to understand the way in which these two networks provide advantages to the readers for newspapers. Without an understanding of the experience, it will be more difficult in future research to interpret quantitative values. Therefore, this study has been designed to use a phenomenological approach in order to study the experience of the readership, rather than to only explore the statistical relationships. In using this form of research, it is hoped that a more clear understanding of the use of social networks for the media can be established. The study will use the interpretive stance on phenomenological research in order to provide the framework in which the study is developed. According to Bryman and Bell (2007, p. 20), the interpretive stance on phenomenological research can be determined through a sense of empathetic

Toyota Airbag Defect Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toyota Airbag Defect Analysis - Essay Example This latter phase comes on the backdrop of failures in denials. As a result, the firm takes to apology, compensation and repentance to retain client loyalty (Cornelissen and Erving, 2006). In this analysis, the various communication strategies used by the firm, in relation to the case under review, are looked into. Like other firms, it is often quite difficult to accept various claims that could negatively impact on the sustainability of the business operations of the firm under specific scenarios. In fact, some claims can easily be used by competitor firms to derail business operations of the rival firm. In this case, the denial strategy employed by the Toyota firm in refuting claims of defects in its systems clearly comes out (Toyota, 2014). This denial comes on the back of an analysis by the Safety Research Strategies Inc. (2014), which has successfully linked the systemic defects to 4 fatalities and 139 injuries. The various reasons behind such denials are further analyzed. Following denials and persistent occurrences of the same problem with the systems, firms often come back to give clarifications to their clients in a bid to maintain their loyalty and confidence in the firm’s services (Toyota, 2013). This low level of responsibility is seen in attempts by Toyota to clarify the nature of the defect, and the various models affected in their press release; dated April 11th, 2013. At this stage, the firm offers to recall and rectify the problem. At a higher level of responsibility, the firm, notably in its June 11th 2014 press release, further looks into freely replacing all affected airbags, and ensuring that such defects are not seen again. This final move is seen as a rectification strategy (Toyota, 2014). Through critical analysis, several economic and corporate theories are found to be applicable to the Toyota case. Notably, the positive accounting theory is applicable in

To what extent was Llywelyn ap Gruffydds political misjudgement Essay

To what extent was Llywelyn ap Gruffydds political misjudgement responsible for the downfall of the Welsh Principality in 1277 - Essay Example Llywelyn entered the governance of Wales in 1258 and he started soon to expand his power over the country through the achievement of a series of victories in the battles developed across England – British have been since the appearance of this country – Wales – extremely hostile towards the people that are originated in the specific region. In order to understand the responsibility of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd for the downfall of Wales in 1277 it is necessary to present primarily a series of details regarding the presence of Llywelyn in the throne of Wales and his main strategic decisions in order to protect the country from potential conquerors. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd has been characterized as a powerful monarch who has based his power on his military successes across the country. Despite his achievements in the field of battles had been considerable, his ability to govern the country can be doubted. The research on the particular issue proved that Llywelyn has been a competent leader but with limited diplomacy skills; this fact has probable caused to the increase of hostility against him by the majority of politicians in Wales at that particular period of time (the term ‘politician’ in this case should be related with the political and social power of certain people, i.e. of their ability to influence the polit ical decisions in the country). Llywelyn ap Gruffudd – who is also known as Llewely the Last or as ‘Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf’ was ‘one of the four sons of Gruffydd, the illegitimate son of Llywelyn the Great’ (Wales Online, 2004, online article). He was born in 1228 and he died in 1282 and has been the last prince of Wales. In 1258 Llywelyn ap Gruffudd became the prince of Wales; his high ambitions regarding the conquest of territories and the expansion of his power soon led to the increase of hostility between Llywelyn and the rest Welsh princes. Llywelyn should have tried to

Hypatia of Alexandria (350-415) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypatia of Alexandria (350-415) - Essay Example She followed the school of thought that was derived by Plato and developed by Plotinus. She was multitalented and this made people envious until they condemned her as a witch, which led to her murder in 415. All her works were burnt in the Great Library. Hypatia lived during a time of great change, in the late fourth and the beginning of the fifth centuries. She was born in around 350 A.D., though the time of her birth is not well known. During that time women were not allowed to contribute much in the society and were only treated as property. They had few options but Hypatia managed to freely move and maneuver in a tradition that was male dominated. Slavery was a dominant issue during that time, as it had sapped the vitality of classical civilization. In about 400 A.D. the philosophy of Neo-Platonism was taught. The philosophy was founded by Plotinus. Hypatia at that time taught philosophy and was the head of the school of Platonist at Alexandria. Religion was a major development at that time and most of the Christians were converted to paganism through the teachings of Hypatia. In the city, there used to be several riots between the Christians and non-Christians. The Christians felt that the works of Hypatia undermined and threatened the stability of their faith. These events became the turning point of the life of Hypatia. It was during the reign of the Roman governor, who had a good relationship with Hypatia. During this time, the people in the city of Alexandria were naà ¯ve and lacked formal education. Hypatia was a symbol of scholarship, especially due to the scientific knowledge she possessed. This made other people in the city, particularly the Christians to despise Hypatia and they decided to murder her. The works and remains of Hypatia’s body were burnt with an aim of the termination of her teachings. Although the Christians managed to undertake her murder, the teachings and works of Hypatia remain

Change Management term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change Management - Term Paper Example The Aster Group provides homes and housing related services in England. For excellent leadership and performance, it secured the â€Å"Beacon Company† award in 2006. In fact, the company was forced to change and diversify due to a number of factors. First of all, as Green (2007) notes, the company wanted to shift from a local authority culture to an autonomous not-for-profit nature. Also, the Housing Corporation decided to reduce the number of approved organizations from 350 to 70. So, to retain business, the company had to go a long way from its 110th position. The way to achieve the same for Aster was to merge and seek new alliances. Starting at the Top However, one can observe slight differences in the way both of the companies introduced change. In the case of Biogen Idec, the company set up a project team, which looked into the various factors associated with the change. Various heads including â€Å"international business, commercial operations, human resources, and int ernational legal affairs were part of the project team, and every aspect of the change† was identified and analyzed (Green, 2007, p.90). Admittedly, the company was performing well in accordance with the Change Management guideline which indicates that it is necessary to understand the need for change through Diagnosing Change (Change Management, n. d.). On the other hand, in Aster, the change started from the new chief executive of the company, who tried to introduce a culture that just â€Å"keeps moving all the time†. In other words, observing the challenges ahead, the chief executive decided to move away from its local authority structure and develop a group structure. Thus, the company worked with Testway – and both chief executives considered open discussion as an important factor to ensure proper collaboration. As acquisition and merger were a part of the change strategy, a board was developed, which included important leaders of both the firms. And as the re were more mergers and acquisitions, more and more personnel were included in the board according to requirements. Anyway, as Gossas commented, the leadership led the change in both of the cases (Ahiberg & Naucler, 2007). Involving all the Layers In Aster Group, first of all, replacing the previous autocratic management style, the new chief executive introduced the culture of open communication and feedback. This resulted in better cooperation from the part of managers and other staff. Thus, at first, he managed to secure the belief and support of the managers and staff. Then, he encouraged the people to contribute their own opinions and suggestions for the future course of action. Here, as Jones, Aguirre, and Calderone (2004) point out, the leadership was giving adequate attention to the human factor, because, for making all the employees committed to the vision of change, the leadership role was effectively handed over to the managers. According to the writers, after allowing au tonomy in day to day operations, the board focused on long term strategic issues; and anyway, both the companies followed the golden rule that change should start at the top. Also, by enlightening and enabling all the layers, the leadership ensured the involvement of every layer. Increased Autonomy to Units and Affiliates In fact, both the companies changed their management styles to introduce various autonomous or semi-autonomous units. To illustrate, the board of Aster Group decided to hand over

Black studies 1019--opinion paper--choosing two topics and describing Essay

Black studies 1019--opinion paper--choosing two topics and describing their ideas and how they affected african americans in the - Essay Example as he develops them from Gandhi’s influence. The influence of Marcus Garvey on Malcolm X can be seen when he states: "The American black man should be focusing his every effort toward building his own businesses, and decent homes for himself. As other ethnic groups have done, let the black people, wherever possible, patronize their own kind, and start in those ways to build up the black race's ability to do for itself. That's the only way the American black man is ever going to get respect. One thing the white man never can give the black man is self-respect! The black man never can be become independent and recognized as a human being who is truly equal with other human beings until he has what they have, and until he is doing for himself what others are doing for themselves. The black man in the ghettoes, for instance, has to start self-correcting his own material, moral and spiritual defects and evils. The black man needs to start his own program to get rid of drunkenness, drug addiction, prostitution.

Code of Professional Ethics and Conduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Code of Professional Ethics and Conduct - Essay Example Each and every member of AICPA should be aware of the Interpretations, disciplinary actions and code of conduct thereby providing framework to work and provide desired results without affecting the ethical codes. This paper discusses in detail specific rules related to CPA Code of Ethics and Conduct focusing on : Section 102 – Integrity and Objectivity Section 201- Professional Competence Section 202 – Compliance with Standards Section 501 – Acts Discreditable Each section dscusses a separate cases on the expectation of code and its violation, the disciplinary action involved, prospects for AICPA to prevent breach in the above codes and personal viewpoints on disciplinary actions taken. 2. Case for Section 102 – Integrity and Objectivity (James W. Kingery of Lubbock, Texas) ... Discussion The decision taken by AICPA is apt according to the disciplinary procedures as upon misrepresentation of facts and figures of a company, it is the welfare of the end consumer. i.e. the Investor which is being questioned. The investors take their major investment decisions based on the financial statements and other details provided by the company, and this being misrepresented can lead to negative results for the investor thereby leading to huge losses or even closure of funds. Simultaneously, the same situation can arise for the company as it can lead to cooking up books and creating a bubble which can burst at any given point of time creating losses for end number of institutional and retail investors. Hence, a professional CPA appointed by the company has to comply with the standards and norms and it is his responsibility to educate the management about the consequences of misrepresentation of facts, which unfortunately Mr.Kingery failed to implement. Hence, the decisio n taken by AICPA stands to be apt for the unethical behavior of the member. Prospects for AICPA to prevent misrepresentation of facts Create database of companies who have hired CPA’s and perform second line audit activities on a regular basis to ascertain deviations by keeping the CPA framework . A post mortem review by Apex body would be advisable thereby limiting the liability of CPA and minimize the chances of fraudulent practices to arise in the organization. (Mortimer, 2003) 3. Case for Section 201- Professional Competence (Bruno A Fedele, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania) Professional Competence is the ability to perform professional services that is based on professional standards through application of knowledge and skill with proper diligence (Mele, 2005). A CPA member is

History in the Making Essay Example for Free

History in the Making Essay History†¦it’s who we are and where we come from. From cave men to cars that run on compost, history happens every day. Everything that has happened in history is absolutely fundamental in our current day existence. From the Revolutionary Era to the Cold War, America has come so far, and through the War on Terror, we continue to march on making every action history. The Revolutionary Era: After the British spent an extreme amount of money defending the Colonies against the French, they decided to shift some of the expenditures to the colonists. The result led to the Boston Tea Party in 1773 (Lib. Of Congress, p. 1), when the colonists rebelled against the British and their absurd tax on tea in order to re-coop defense expenditures. Reactions such as this led to the necessitation of order, which led to the Declaration of Independence, and the Revolutionary Era. The Constitution: As a result of deciding not to amend the current Articles of Confederation, a new frame of government was born. 55 delegates from age 26 to age 81 debated, redrafted and created what is now known as the Constitution of the United States. These articles clarified many topics such as how much control the government should have in certain areas, how representatives should be elected, and many other issues we still live by today. Since it’s publishing in 1787, there have been 27 amendments to the original version. Jeffersonianism: Derived from the term Jeffersonian, and named for its discoverer, the Jeffersonianism philosophy held that each man had a right to have a say-so in government, believed in the expansion of human freedom, and believed that every person had a right to be educated. It also supported reliance on the farmer and agriculture, instead of relying solely on History in the Making 3 industry to boost the economy. Hamiltonism, which followed Jeffersonianism, was believed to be an evil stigma to Jeffersonianism by Jeffersonians. Civil War: Brother against brother, the revolutionized nation could not decide whether or not the government should have control over the states, industrialization, and most importantly, slavery. The southern states, or the Confederate States of America, decided to take matters into their own hands and individualized themselves to make their own rules. This led to the Civil War, where one nation quarreled with its counterpart. Although the North won, losing over half a million soldiers did not make the impact any easier for anyone to handle. Reconstruction: After the period of the Civil War, a period of Reconstruction began. Attempts were made to solve differences between the Union and the 11 Confederate states that had seceded from the Union. Though opposition from the Radical Republicans was evident, the Reconstruction Act of 1867 was passed, and military districts in the South were re-established. The South had no choice but to accept the 14th and 15th amendments of the Constitution (39th Congress, p. 1). The New South: Although the days of slavery had ended, the Southern states continued to retain control over their civilization. With the abolition of slavery came anger from loss of control, which led to the birth of the Black Codes. The Black Codes allowed whites to control the newly freed slaves by regulating the type of work black people could do, the hours they worked, and prevented blacks from raising their own crops. Freedom was not freedom after all. Foreign Affairs: Lack of support from the European economies post Civil War distressed the cotton crops, as the producers became overstocked. The North added some restriction to the History in the Making 4 Southern ports, and our foreign allies soon found other sources to fulfill their needs, which hurt the South tremendously. Industrialization: As America advanced, so did the way work was performed. Not only did industrialization bring forth machinery, it also was the birth of transportation and communication. Andrew Carnegie’s steel industry revolutionized transportation. The rails made from refined steel created necessary use of the railroad system, as did communication with the use of the telegraphs and telephone systems (Feldmeth, p. 1). Progressive Era: Along with industrialization came those who felt that anything old was inefficient and useless. These reformers brought forth the Efficiency Movement, which argued that the economy, society and government were inefficient. Frederick Winslow Taylor coined the term â€Å"one best way† with the idea that there was one best way to fix everything. He, along with several other engineers improved industrial efficiency. World Wars: Taking place mostly in Europe, the First World War between the Allied Powers (France, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, Italy and the U. S) and the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, the German Empire, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire) was a result of the assassination of the Austrian throne heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. This event soon led to a full fledged war. The Treaty of Versailles would end the first war, and stake victory for the Allied Powers, but controversy over its contents would soon lead to World War II. The second war between the Allied Powers and the Axis Powers (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Empire of Japan) would be the deadliest war to date, killing over 60 million people. This war resulted in victory for the Allied Powers. History in the Making 5 The Depression: In 1929 our nation suffered the worst market plunge to date. The stock market crash, in conjunction with the outrageous cost of WWII, led to great losses for many people. Soon, supply exceeded demand. Cities based heavy in industry-type operations, including those outside of the U. S. were hit especially hard. Farmers were also a target, as the price for crops fell between 40 and 50 percent. The New Deal, or restructuring of the economy, enforced by President Roosevelt, would help lead the nation to recovery. The Cold War: The Cold War, as dubbed by Bernard Baruch and Walter Lippmann, is a term used to describe the growing tensions between the US and the Soviet Union. It would be the longest war to date, lasting from the mid 1940’s to the early 1990’s. Post WWII, the two nations could not agree on how to reconstruct the post war world. Wars including the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crises, and the Vietnam War were possible threats to lead into a third world war. The Cold War came to an end when Gorbachev launched his reform programs, Perestroika (reconstruction of the Soviet economy) and Glastnost (introduction of publicity and openness) (Wikipedia Staff, p. 1). It is almost impossible to summarize our nation’s history. So many events, far too many to place in a single composition of words, played key roles in the structure of how we live today. Needless to say, history continues to ensue every day. From our nation’s birth to the Cold War to the hanging of Saddam, America will continue to write a story we all should be so eager to read. References 1. Library of Congress (1998). Revolutionary Period. Retrieved in January 2007 from www. americaslibrary. gov/cgi. bin/page. cgiljb/revolt. 2. 39th Congress (1866). 14th Amendment to the US Constitution. Retrieved in January 2007 from www. nps. gov/archive/malu/documents/amend14. htm. 3. G. Feldmeth (2000). American Industrialization. Retrieved in January 2007 from www. home. earthlink. net/~gfeldmeth/lec. indust. html. 4. Wikipedia Staff (2001). Definitions for Perestroika and Glastnost. Retrieved in January 2007 from www. en. wikipedia. org.

Superconductors & physicist Essay Example for Free

Superconductors physicist Essay Superconductivity was discovered by a Dutch physicist Kammerlingh Onnes in 1911 while studying â€Å"resistivity of mercury at low temperature† (Halliday 1999). To his surprise he found that below a temperature of about 4K mercury suddenly lost all its resistivity that was named by him as a superconductor. Conductors are those substances through which electricity pass to a larger extent. Superconductors are conductors that lose their resistance at a very low temperature. Every conductor possesses resistivity up to a certain extent whereas; superconductors lose their resistivity at low temperature. Superconductors are conductors with zero resistance. Functions and Applications Nowadays superconductors are used by scientists in making different things like noise reduction filters, communication satellites, mobile signal receivers, and other sophisticated and important machines which are extremely useful to us. Extensive researches are being carried out to design superconductors and ceramics to be used future for communication technology (Klauda 2000). Several experiments are conducted to reveal the possibility of cryogenic and high-temperature superconductor technology for use in base transceiver stations (BTS’s) and communication satellites for global mobile communication (Klauda 2000). Super conductors has helped a lot in the medical field by saving and diagnosing a lot of disorders in the human body like introducing MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) in which image is made of the inner delicate parts of the human body such as brain, stomach etc (Uses for Superconductors). Super conductors have also played a major role in advancing the transport system by replacing the huge electromagnets with super conducting magnets thus making it faster. A train operating on super conducting magnet attained an unbelievable speed of 361 mph (Uses for Superconductors). Electric generators composed of super conductors are of great importance because they are much better than the ordinary and typical generators. Super conducting generators produce much more electricity than ordinary generators. Nowadays efforts are made to commercialize these generators in order to fulfill the energy need of the world. Nowadays superconducting transformers have also been introduced to the world. In some countries underground cables including copper are replaced by superconductors making it more efficient than ordinary copper cables. Modern calculations reveal that supper conducting cables are 7000% efficient than ordinary copper cables (Uses for Superconductors). It is believed that in the next decade superconductors will replace electrical appliances in which copper is used. Super conductors are also used in industry to make Ultra high performance filters. Future of Superconductors Superconductors are of high utility in the future. Beside benefits there are also some drawbacks of using superconductors on a larger scale. Superconducting magnets are hazardous to human health thus restricting the commercial usage of MAGLEV vehicles (Uses for Superconductors). Another hitch in the wide usage of superconductivity is its high cost that for several decades restricted the functions of superconductors. Since superconductivity is attainable only at a very low temperature that is achieved in a bath of liquid helium. Since helium is found in very little quantity in the atmosphere is therefore, extremely costly limiting the functionality. After decades of hectic research, liquid nitrogen has replaced helium lowering the cost to a greater extent. References Halliday, David. (1999). Physics (Vol.2 Extended Version, 4th Ed).Robert Resnick, Kenneth S Krane. John. John Wiley Sons, Inc. New York Klauda, Matthias. (July 2000). Superconductors and Cryogenics for Future Communication Systems. Tobias Kasser, Bernd Mayer, Christian Neumann, Frank Schnell, Bachitor Aminov, Arno Baumfalk, Heinz Chaloupka, Serguei Kolesov, Helmut Piel, Norbert Klein, Stefan Schornstein, and Martin Bareiss. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 48, no. 7, 1227 Uses for Superconductors. Accessed August 19, 2008 http://superconductors. org/Uses. htm

Power in Business Negotiations

Power in Business Negotiations Introduction Power in negotiations process has been regarded as one of the elements that contributes to, and influence the outcome of the negotiation. It is through this factor that multinational corporations and large organizations use power to get what they want in a negotiation process. This is achieved through the availability of resources and information at their disposal. Another factor is the use BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement), how best negotiating parties use their BATNA the result will be winning in a negotiation process. This essay seeks to discuss how power can disadvantage the underdog in the negotiation process. The discussion will first start by defining negotiation, its characteristics and types of negotiations. Then Power and its sources. I will further on with samples from case studies discuss how power disadvantage the underdog, followed by the theoretical perspectives. Last but not least the recommendations and the conclusion. Negotiation French (2008) defines negotiation as a process of making joint decisions when the parties involved have different preferences. On daily activities people are involved in negotiation process, it is worth noting that, because of the different preferences people have; they engaged in a negotiation process in every communication that takes place. In that, negotiation can be considered as a way of finding the best solution with others or coming to agreement in the process of decision making. This is supported by Furnham (2005) who is of the view that negotiation is one aspect of decision making which according to him it is always overlooked. Negotiation takes place before, during and after decision making. We acknowledge that where more people engage in negotiation the more disagreements are likely to arise over diverse matters on our daily activities. Salamon (2000) contend that negotiation applies to a particular process of dialogue between different people to resolve their differences so as to reach an agreement. Brett (2007) states that negotiation is process by which people with conflicting interests determine how they are going to allocate resource or work together in the future. People lead negotiations to discuss different aspects of matters of life affecting them, in that way negotiation come in different forms and in different situations, and the solutions to these situations are different, therefore the strategies must be different too. The scholars shows that negotiation is a dynamic process of which two parties with different objectives will confer together to reach an agreement to reach common goal. The characteristics of negotiation, which are common in different situations. With reference to http://www.pathways.cu.edu.eg/subpages/training_courses/Negotiation%20Skills7/Chapter1.htm#1_1 are as follow; There are two or more parties   There is a conflict of interest between two or more parties   The parties negotiate because they think they can use some form of influence to get a better deal that way than by simply taking what the other side will voluntarily give them or let them have. The parties, at least for the moment, prefer to search for agreement rather than to fight openly, have one side capitulate, permanently break off contact, or take their dispute to a higher authority to resolve it. When we negotiate, we expect give and take.   Successful negotiation involves the management of intangibles as well as the resolving of tangibles Types of Negotiation According to Lewicki and Hiam (1999), they state that there are five legitimate negotiation strategies, which are as follow; Competitive (win-lose) this is a strategy where the outcome is important but the relationship is not. It is a win-lose strategy used. Competitive is used if one wants to win at all costs and the negotiator has no concern about the future relationship. With regard to big companies using power to manipulate, their way in getting what they want in negotiations, this strategy will work well. As the intentions of these big corporations is to win in any given situation, and relationship seems as if not important in their thinking. In this strategy the big companies uses coercive and hostile tactics to win. Confrontational and emotional deploy are used in driving the negotiations to their advantage. For example, during elections ruling party and opposing parties attacks each other in negotiating with people of their constituencies to convince them to vote for them. Collaborative (win-win) outcomes and relationships are both important, negotiators therefore attempts at all time to maximize their outcome on the other hand preserving the relationship. The end results are that both parties find a solution to their needs. Compromising (split the difference) both outcomes and relationship are somewhat important hence the need to take each others needs into consideration. This strategy if often used when collaboration cannot be met. Avoiding (lose-lose) in this strategy either outcome or relationship are of importance. Negotiator withdraws from active negotiation. Accommodating (lose-win) the outcome is not important rather the relationship. The negotiator is more concern with keeping a good relationship with another party than achieving good results. Power Salacuse (2000) contend that Power is an intensely practical subject for all international negotiators, who by their very missions are intensely practical persons. With relation to the question at hand, It is important to have an over view of the concept of power and how does it disadvantage the underdog in the negotiation process and benefit those who have power. (French, Rayner, Rees Rumbles, 2008) are of the view that power is the ability to get someone else to do something you want done, or the ability to make things happen or get things done in the way you want. Looking at the point in the question at hand, that Multinational Corporation and other big organizations use power to get what they want in negotiations, it therefore, shows that power can indeed disadvantage the underdog in the negotiation process. That is one party is disadvantaged where the other holds formal power, there is that relative power positions in negotiations. With this regard one can argue that the big or ganizations have the ability to move decisions in their desired way. This point is supported by (Wolfe McGinn 2005) who argues that imbalances in power are evident in most relationships whether at inter-organizational level or at international level. They are of the view that the power imbalances stems from asymmetry in dependence between parties. Sources of Power Information sources of power / Expert Power Having knowledge/Information that will influence the outcome of the negotiation, therefore planning and research increases information. Power based on position Legitimate power and resource control power are based on the position ones holds. With reference to the argument of how power can disadvantage the underdog, resources are essential tool in negotiations; therefore, if one party has control of that, then this will disadvantage another party. Power based on personality and individual differences (Lewicki, Barry Saunders 2010) contend that individuals have different psychological orientations to social situations. Personal, cognitive, motivational and skills, enables one to have power. Contextual sources of power. This refers to the fact that power is based on the context, situation or environment in which negotiation takes place. If one party is negotiating within its environment that can boost power. According to Wolfe McGinn (2005) they are of the view that power imbalances are there in all levels of relationships at international level, inter-organizational or inter-personal levels. The author argues that relational theories of power vary with regard to whose perspective is considered the target of influence, the influencing agent or both parties. Scholars hint that theories of power examine the power relationship from the perspective of target of influence. This then lead us to the fact that for one to know exactly how much power he/she has, will evaluate that during the negotiations, in that way one will be able to assess the other party at the negotiation table who are at that time the focal point of comparison. Assessing ones power accurately serves a critical social function and awareness of the distinctions from and similarities with a counterpart (Gill and Swann 2004). This is derived from subjective cost benefit analysis derived from Social exchange theory rooted from economics, psychology and sociology. How Power can Disadvantage the underdog in the negotiation Process Having discussed on the concepts of negotiation and power, I will now show how power can disadvantage the underdog in a negotiation process. As it is already mentioned in the discussion regarding power factor in the negotiation process, it is imperative to argue that power influence in decision making between parties involved in the negotiation process. (Bacharch Lawler 1981) contend that, Power is the central determining factor in negotiation. (Lewicki Hiam 1999), they are of the view that, the key source of power in negotiation is information. That is, the planning for the negotiation is based on the knowledge that you have about your objectives and that of another party, with that then you will be informed enough to refute their position or support. The information must be accurate in that as a negotiator you will have more power. The other point is that of expertise, and good communication skills and resources. For example, the case study of the Conoco oils company and the indi genous people of Ecuador. This is a typical example that when a big company like Conoco had information and the resource, the company managed to manipulate and convince the government of Ecuador, that the project of drilling oil will benefit the people, hence there were some other negative consequences, which were going to affect the indigenous people. In this scenario the underdog were the indigenous people of Ecuador whose lives were going to be impacted on negatively. Power asymmetry between a stronger and weaker party. Structural analysis argues that the strongest will always win. Multinational companies have branches in many countries, for example KFC, Ford. The advantage of having these especially in developing countries is that they bring in wealth and jobs, thus increasing the Gross National Product (GNP) and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. However there are some problems in the sense that the jobs are often low-skilled or less paid, much of the profit made goes outside the country. The companies may also pull out if the economy of the country goes down, for example in Zimbabwe. In Botswana Hyundai pull out to set its plant in South Africa one of the reason of relocating was that Botswana has a problem of small market. The companies are interested in making profits. Therefore, these big companies hold power in the sense that they have the resources, money in its varieties is a powerful tool in negotiation. As highlighted most of these multinational companies as they come to developing countries in their journey to make profits, they turn to use and abuse the lay people who are so desperate to make ends meet in trying to fight poverty. For example in Botswana, the Chinese building construction companies most of them win tenders from government and other organizations, but they do not produce good projects which lasts, because after they have won tenders, some of the services they out source to local companies but at a lower price and pay lower wages to its employees which are locals. Whilst they gain more profit the weaker partner suffers. The stronger side gains its power from the magnitude and diversity of its resources. Wolfe McGinn (2005) comment that, in an asymmetric relationship, in which the power balance between the parties is unequal, the relatively high-power party is likely to have his or her interests addressed during a negotiation, while the interests of the lower-power party may be ignored. The relative power is seen in a case in South Africa where drug companies use their muscles over the poor. Glaxco SmithKline, Merck, Pfizer and Eli Lilly the big four, and there are others in Europe and the U.S. almost as big wield such enormous financial and political clout. It is a cartel and like all cartels they want monopoly power it is a basic economic tenet that monopolies lead to higher prices which is why many governments try to break them up. McCullum (2010). In this case the big four pharmacies do not like the idea of cheap drugs for diseases like HIV/AIDS to be imported, the attempt of the case is to block the government from importing cheap generic medicines from developing countries like Thailand. As they are more concerned with their profit making not with the fact that poor people are dying because they cannot afford expensive drugs. The case is supposed to take place in Pretoria. (The big four and 42 pharmacies against the government of South Africa). Back at the British, Swiss, American and German headquarters of the Big Four they claim patent protection for a minimum of 20 years on their intellectual property which means no generic manufacture. The argument they make is that poorer countries cannot afford even cheap medicine, and they donate the drug to them. In this we see manipulation tactics used in this negotiation process. A competitive approach is used. The companies are more concerned with their win over the negotiation. It is reported that companies have spent three years and millions of American dollars preparing their case. However, one can see that in broader prospect the interest does not lie with the poor people but the big four to enrich them selves, it should be observed that these companies are from developed countries as mentioned. The case is still ongoing. Another case study is that of ASDA(Asquith and Dairies) it is a British retail chain store, founded in 1965. It became a subsidiary of American chain store Walmart in 1999. ASDA is the second largest store in the UK, its marketing strategy has always been based solely on low price. It has been reported that ASDAs parent Walmart has made bid to South African retail group Massmart. It has put in a non-binding proposal. However a memo has been leaked out that, the document lays out how to structure a meeting with suppliers, Use this opportunity to take control and set the agenda. Open outrageously (include plenty of fat). The bigger the opening figure, the bigger the settlement figure. Buyers should have prepared three concessions that cost Asda nothing but will assist their trading position. Only concede if you have to. Be tactful, but be firm. A threat is only a threat if it is followed through. Remember always that we are negotiating on behalf of our customers! Asda issued the document to buyers last year and the strategies used by major supermarkets have come under greater scrutiny. This case study shows how the giant tore like ASDA is starting to manipulate their way into the Africa market, their tactics in negotiations reflect the kind of negotiation strategy they are using, which in this scenario is the Competitive strategy (win-lose). Another factor that is over looked by Asda is the morals and ethics in the business. The misrepresentation to opponents network and they are more focused on their power motive over the suppliers in South Africa. As indicated ASDAs mandate is based on low prices, therefore they will negotiate with suppliers to bring the suppliers to sell at a more lower prices so that ASDA at its end product will make more profit. Therefore, the underdogsin this case are the suppliers- who are expected to sell at a lower price to ASDA, hence their profit making will be lower. The consumers are also going to buy the products at a higher price which will be costly. Contradiction to the ASDAs mission of selling at a lower price. Theoretical Perspective Competitive positional negotiation/Distributive theory. In this theory the focus is on positions that conflicting parties declare. http://internetmediator.com comments that competitive negotiation strategy is, essentially, a manipulative approach designed to intimidate the other party to lose confidence in their own case and to accept the competitors demands. This happens in desperate situations like in cases where companies exploit the ordinary people by paying them lower wages. Competition experienced here is for limited resources. In this theory, power is the central argument, the resent strike of the University of Botswana staff unions over salaries is a typical example of this practice. Because of the limited resources that is the 30 million that was in debate to be shared amongst the staff in general. According to the reports made the two university staff unions formed an alliance and entered into negotiations with the management regarding the salary increment. The two parties did not agree with what the consultants report proposed, though the management agreed with it. However, the negotiations came to stall, and the unions withdrew from negotiations and went on strike. The management used their cohesive power and threats by a no work no pay notion The assumption of the competitive theory is that negotiation is the division of the limited resources, when one side gains the other side loss. High opening demands are made and concede slowly. This is done in such a way that the organizations, which have, power gains more than the other does. Game theory can also be used to elaborate on the concept of power and negotiation. Corvette (2007:185) contend that game theory is useful in understanding how to develop successful strategies, and the process is like a game in that there is some competition going on. With regard to power disadvantaging the underdog, in relation to the theory; this can be seen as a game as the theory dominate the empirical negotiation predicting bargaining outcomes on negotiators utilities. Multinational corporations and other big organizations use all the utilities and in most instances they are able to predict the outcome that weaker parties will surrender to the outcome of the negotiation. Summary In summary the question that can be posed is as negotiators how do we make the playing-field level? This playing field, we refer to the negotiation process that we found ourselves or encounter on daily basis. And how do we ensure that all parties regard the process as legitimate? For the process to be regarded as legitimate the issue of ethics should be taken in to serious condition. As power in negotiation process disadvantage the underdog, it is important to highlight on the issue of ethics in negotiations and its importance in its contribution in stabilizing the relationship between parties. It is of importance to acknowledge the fact that collaboration between negotiation parties is important so as to maintain a relationship after negotiations. Furthermore to note that the issue at hand is not in the power balance but in the situation at the negotiation table Another recommendation is that multinational corporation and big organizations be able to consider and approach negotiation processes on win-win approach, so as to maintain good relationship after negotiation. Taking an example of ASDA/Wal-Mart and suppliers in South Africa. It is important for the corporation to consider their negotiation strategy and focus on maintaining relationship with suppliers, so as the intended goal of providing business in Africa can blossom hence improve the economy. For small organization, groups or individuals it will be advantageous for them to form alliances to be able to counterpart the big companies, when it come to negotiations, for example the case study of Conoco oil drilling company. For indigenous people to succeed in stopping the oil drill, the human rights groups and other various international environmental movements formed an alliance and opposed the plan. Salacuse (200) support this statement by commenting that the most effective way for a weaker party to increase its power at the negotiation table is to build supportive relationships with strong third parties who are not at the table. A third party in most cases is the one who has influence over your adversary in the negotiation. The other factor is to use power of competition to leverage power (Lewicki 2010). In the negotiation context a means can be made to distribute power by diffusing that one of big organizations so that negotiation environment can be conducive and accommoda tive hence use of good tactics can be well practiced to achieve positive negotiation outcomes. Conclusion Power is regarded as a tool in negotiation process to be used to disadvantage the underdog. This is highlighted in the definition of both negotiation and power. The case study have been used to outline how the power is indeed used by multinational corporations and big companies in getting what they want in the negotiation process. It is important to note that the weaker party can be generally stronger than first assumed by the stronger partner, taking for example the Conoco case study that though this is a big organization, the smaller human right groups managed to stop the project. This demonstrates that the weaker party has devices and tactics at its command to augment its power and that the stronger party usually does not fully understand or appreciate the potential power of the underdog. The alliances strengthen their BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) to their opponent; small companies can find other means to diffuse the power of big organization in the negotiati ons. It is therefore imperative for the big organization to take this into consideration and know that they can be outwitted in their game regardless of the resources they have. The recommendation views out the issue of ethics, that by using power the underdog should not be abused or cheated in the negotiation process, therefore collaborative can be used to address the issue of resources to benefit all parties.

2001 A Space Odyssey :: essays research papers

You are hurtling across the abyss of space on an expedition to unexplored planets. Your only companion is a fellow astronaut: the three hibernauts who like in a deep freeze sleep will not be awakened until their skills are needed. An essential member of your crew is Hal, the electronic, almost-human brain that ceaselessly guides your course. For months your atom powered craft “Discover'; has been carrying you away from earth at a hundred thousand miles an hour. You are now farther from home than any man in history. Your living quarters within 400-foot-long space craft is a centrifugal drum equipped with an electronic library of literature and music. Here you relax, eat, exercise, sleep, and chat with Hal, the conversational computer who never forgets anything – not even your birthday. Your mission is of such importance that it has been surrounded by the deepest official secrecy. You are probing a fantastic frontier, following a trial that has led to the outer edges of the solar system. You are searching the stars for evidence that man is not alone. On Earth-colonized moon, deep in the crater Tycho, a discovery has been made that has shattered the human concept of the universe. You are journeying toward something. You do not know what it is. You only know that it has been waiting for man to find it for three million years. All of a sudden, in the middle of your mission Hal, the super smart computer, takes over the controls of the ship, and the astronauts try to disconnect it from the controls. It must be intensely frustrating for Hal to communicate with human beings. Hal’s whole being is built around the ability to communicate at electrical energy speeds. There is never a moment when Hal is not observing the aspects of Discovery. We might think of Has checking a distant sensor reading as composing a request, identifying a location, transmitting the request, and receiving and processing the response. For Hal, though, it is a action that takes no effort and occurs instantaneously. What is more, the response can always be relied upon to be accurate. The fact that million of such operations occur every second is normal for Hal (instantaneous for Hal means something quite different from what it means to Dave or Frank, the two astronauts aboard Discovery, a remark that has some significance for what fo llows a little later).

My Mom the Powerhouse Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples

My Mom the Powerhouse One of the biggest influences in my life is my Mom. She is one of 10 children born to an Appalachian coal miner who could not read or write. Her family lived in the mountains of Kentucky in a little cottage that had no running water and no electricity. She read by kerosene lamp. As a child, she attended a one-room schoolhouse, which also had no electricity and no running water. There was one teacher for eight grades, and each row in the classroom was a grade. My mom says she liked listening to the lessons of the higher grades. There was a big, black potbellied stove in the middle of the room, between the fourth- and fifth-grade rows. My mom couldn't wait to get to the fourth grade so she could sit by the warm stove in the winter. She got her drinks of water from a big bucket in the back of the schoolroom. She would make a little cup by folding writing paper, and she would use a metal dipper to take water from the bucket and put it into the cup. She says the water tasted like the writing paper. At Christmas, my mom's family couldn't afford a tree o... ...She whispered softly, "I was 10." I try to fathom what it would be like if my mom had died when I was 10. I can't imagine, and I'm glad I haven't had to experience that. I must admit that my mom and I sometimes disagree because we're both so strong-willed. Actually, my father affectionately calls my mom "just plain stubborn." But now I realize that her will had to be powerful to pull her through tough times. I am thankful that she taught me to be determined and to focus on the positive. She says those two things can help everyone survive.

Considerations When You Buy an Existing Web Site :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Considerations When You Buy an Existing Web Site Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Almost everyone in the business of selling new websites offer impressive presentations projecting future sales and growth, but it's really just an educated guess about what may happen with any particular website in a given market niche. When all is said and done, all projected revenue and earnings on a new website are, to a certain extent, just hanging on a hope and a prayer. If you want to greatly improve your chances of success on the internet then should buy an existing website. A website that's already established and successful will allow you to get on the internet quickly while already having a track record of success. It just makes sense that your chances for success will be much greater. While it is not always easy to locate successful websites that the owners are willing to sell, there are still plenty of them around. The best way to find one is to use the services of an established website marketplace. We developed VotanWeb as the ideal platform to allow website owners to present their websites to the public. It is also the perfect tool for anyone with an interest in purchasing established turn-key websites. What is your perception of a "turn-key" website? Do you believe that if you purchase a turn-key website then you can just sit back and let the money roll in? Remember, although the table has been set by the current website owner, the website still requires your input and management to ensure it is a success. Buying an existing website does have some advantages, but it is by no means a guarantee of success. The website developer may have already done demographic and marketing studies evaluating the existing customer base, profile of website traffic, etc. Of course, the website seller cannot guarantee your success nor will they guarantee any projected revenues or profits. Probably the most attractive feature of buying an existing website from the buyer's point of view is that you can investigate any existing website much easier than you can research an idea for a non-existing website. The reason for this is because you will be able to research the existing website as well as other websites in the same or similar markets. You can also communicate with the current website owner and they will be a wealth of information for you. Considerations When You Buy an Existing Web Site :: Sell Websites Buy Websites Considerations When You Buy an Existing Web Site Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Almost everyone in the business of selling new websites offer impressive presentations projecting future sales and growth, but it's really just an educated guess about what may happen with any particular website in a given market niche. When all is said and done, all projected revenue and earnings on a new website are, to a certain extent, just hanging on a hope and a prayer. If you want to greatly improve your chances of success on the internet then should buy an existing website. A website that's already established and successful will allow you to get on the internet quickly while already having a track record of success. It just makes sense that your chances for success will be much greater. While it is not always easy to locate successful websites that the owners are willing to sell, there are still plenty of them around. The best way to find one is to use the services of an established website marketplace. We developed VotanWeb as the ideal platform to allow website owners to present their websites to the public. It is also the perfect tool for anyone with an interest in purchasing established turn-key websites. What is your perception of a "turn-key" website? Do you believe that if you purchase a turn-key website then you can just sit back and let the money roll in? Remember, although the table has been set by the current website owner, the website still requires your input and management to ensure it is a success. Buying an existing website does have some advantages, but it is by no means a guarantee of success. The website developer may have already done demographic and marketing studies evaluating the existing customer base, profile of website traffic, etc. Of course, the website seller cannot guarantee your success nor will they guarantee any projected revenues or profits. Probably the most attractive feature of buying an existing website from the buyer's point of view is that you can investigate any existing website much easier than you can research an idea for a non-existing website. The reason for this is because you will be able to research the existing website as well as other websites in the same or similar markets. You can also communicate with the current website owner and they will be a wealth of information for you.

Case Study-Carlsbad Essay

QUESTION #1 Prior to the Public works department merging to become a part of a Major Service Area (MSA), the employees often performed work assignments that were redundant in different department which is a waste of the City of Carlsbad’s financial resources. This redundancy in work was contributed to the lack of cohesiveness in the entire Public works departments except for the water department. Lack of leadership is also a hindrance to the department’s mission and the employee’s guidance because the Public Works director is also the City Engineer. With too many employees performing job duty functions that require supervision, leadership in the Public Works department has been lacking the necessary guidance employees should expect. The employee tenure ratio varied between long and short assignments which could be an issue for training and coordination of day to day work without the proper leadership. QUESTION #2 I would introduce myself to the employees within the different departments of the Public Works department to clarify how we will be looking to make the organization better and offer an outline of what we may require from them. I will have discussed this conversation with management prior to speaking with the employees. Cummings & Worley (2008) states, â€Å"Before collecting diagnostic information, practitioners need to establish a relationship with those who will provide and subsequently use it. Because the nature of that relationship with those who will provide and subsequently use it† (pg. 121). I would use collection methods such as observation of employees at work, surveys and questionnaires. Because the Public Works department services the residents of Carlsbad, I would also include them in random questionnaires to find out how their service is working and how it can be improved. This will allow the department to receive feedback from those they work daily to service. Through interviews with the employees in small groups or individual sessions, I would like to pose direct questions such as â€Å"What do they need to succeed in their position?†, â€Å"Do they feel as if they are provided enough direction in their day to day?†, or â€Å"What they feel the vision of the organization is?† Cummings & Worley (2008) states, â€Å"Further probing and clarifications is, therefore, possible as the interview proceeds. This flexibility is invaluable for gaining private views and feelings about the organization and for exploring new issues that emerge during the interview† (126). QUESTION #3 I would recommend interventions for the Public Works department such as a process consultation with the open-systems method intervention. Performing the process consultation prior to offering the department any solutions to make any changes will allow us to identify where the disconnect in communication with the employees while providing the ground work for establishing the organizations goals. Cummings & Worley (2008) states, † Rather the process consultant works to help managers, employees, and groups assess and improve human processes, such as communication, interpersonal relations, decision making, and task performance†(pg. 253). Because the Public Works department has been comprised of so many different groups providing a variety of services to the residents of Carlsbad, I would recommend the open-systems method to the intervention. Through this intervention, we will be able to narrowly focus of the core mission of the organization and its purpose while creating an ideal future of how the Public Works department can progress with the inclusion of its employees. Because employees were often doing redundant work, we will use this time to assess how many people are needed on a task and what areas is not being taken care of due to mismanagement of assignments. QUESTION #4 I would begin the implementation of the action plan by interviewing and meeting with employees individually to introduce the goals of the OD intervention and perform interviews during this discussion. I would also perform random interviews with the residents of Carlsbad who rely on the Public Works service to discern their likes, dislikes and suggestions for improvement. I would then reveal the discrepancies of what the employees and management believe they are doing to what is actually happening. This will allow everyone to gauge the disconnect in their services as well as a starting point for improvement. During this time, we can refocus the employees on the vision of the Public Works department. Cummings & Worley (2008) states, † Generally, a vision describes the core values and purpose that guide the organization as well as an envisioned future toward which change is directed. It provides a valued direction for designing, implementing, and assessing organizational changes† (pg.169). Through the establishment of a communications plan, daily assignment check-ins and training the employees will be able to garner a more focused work day and reduce redundant work being duplicated. During the intervention a separate amount of time will be devoted to assess the leadership of the department. With the supervisor splitting duties as the City engineer, we may assess the need for an assistant to properly manage the employee’s daily. Anonymous surveys and observation will be used to garner feedback on how well the action plan works. References Cummings, T. & Worley, C. (2008). Organization Development & Change. (Pgs. 121, 126, 169, 253) Cengage Learning. Mason, OH.

Premartial Sex

This musical composition will include my research on antenuptial switch on. For umteen years, premarital charge has been seen as a type of pervert expression but like umteen other concepts, deviant sort female genitalia be define in many ways. This research will include a clear definition of deviant behavior and its relationship with premarital c every last(predicate) down. Deviant mien Defined According to the Sociology Index, deviance is nonconformance to accessible norms. However, frequently deviance is precisely conformity to the norms or standards of a subgroup or subculture rather than those of the dominant culture.Deviance is not inbred in any behavior or attitude but rather is a result of human interaction in particular normative situations. Deviant behavior usually evokes formal and informal punishment, restrictions, or other controls of society. These formal and informal controls stiffen most tribe to conform to social norms. Despite the social sanctioning and controlling, however, we nightimes observe deviant behavior nigh us, with premarital ride being unrivalled. (Sociology Index).What is prenuptial Sex? Premarital trip is often referred to as fornication, meaning voluntary intimate intercourse between twain un get hitched with persons or two persons not married to each other according the Webster dictionary. fornication can also be build in the bible and is considered a study sin. Premarital Sex in the States Almost all Americans gull end up forwards marrying, according to premarital call forth research that shows such behavior is the norm in the U. S. and has been for the past 50 years.The sweet study shows that by age 20, 75% of Americans have had premarital waken. That number rises to 95% by age 44. Even among those who abstained from hinge upon until 20 or beyond, 81% have had premarital fire by 44, the work shows. Researchers say the findings question the feasibility of federally funded abstinence-only ed ucation programs. Premarital sex is roughhewnplace behavior for the wide majority of Americans, and has been for decades, says investigator Lawrence Finer, director of domestic research at the Guttmacher Institute, in a news release. The selective tuition clearly show that the majority of aged teens and adults have already had sex in front marriage, which calls into question the federal governments funding of abstinence-only-until-marriage programs for 1229-year-olds. It would be more effective to propose young people with the skills and information they collect to be safe once they render versedly active which well any 1 lastly will, says Finer.In the study, published in Public wellness Reports, researchers analyzed data from four cycles of the home(a) Survey of Family Growth from 1982 to 2002, which included information on sexual and marital behaviors. The results showed that the extensive majority of Americans have sex before marrying. For example, the 2002 survey s howed By age 20, 77% of men and women had had sex, including 75% who had had premarital sex. By age 44, 95% of men and women had had premarital sex 97% of those who had ever had sex had had premarital sex.Among those who had abstained from sex until at least(prenominal) age 20, 81% had had premarital sex by age 44. Despite humankind opinion that premarital sex is more more common now than in the past, researchers say the number of Americans having premarital sex has not changed much since the 1940s. Among women who false 15 between 1964 and 1993, 91% had had premarital sex before age 30, comp ard with 82% of women who glum 15 between 1954 and 1963. In addition, nearly nine out of 10 women who turned 15 between 1954 and 1963 had had unmarried sex by age 44.Researchers say that though the likelihood that Americans will have sex before marriage hasnt changed significantly since the 1950s, people argon now waiting long to get married. So they are sexually active and unmarried for longer than in the past (WebMD). In Janet Smiths article about Premarital Sex, she states The present is overwhelming that children raised(a) in households headed by a single refer are much more prone to sexual abuse, drug abuse, crime, and divorce, for instance.Their health is poorer their academic execution is poorer their economic well-being is less than that of children who are raised in two-parent households. In every way, children raised in single parent households seem to have a few strikes against them as they forge their way finished life. (I do not urgency to suggest, of course, that all children raised in single parentage households are doomed. I simply want to report that Catholic Church doctrine, the teaching of most religions, sociological research, and perhaps common sense are at one in recognizing that children fare better when raised in a household with two parents. The number of single-parenthood households has risen dramatically, due, of course, largely t o single pregnancy and divorce ( Catholic training Resource Center). Also stated in this article by Janet Smith, The dimensions of the problem of single pregnancy are very serious, indeed. In the early nineteen sixties, more or less 3% of white babies were born out of wedlock, some 22% of black babies and as a whole, 6% of the babies born in the unify States were born to single parents.Now some 22% of white babies, 68% of black babies and as an aggregate in the unite States some 31% of babies are born to unwed parents. One out of four to one out of three pregnancies in the United States are ended through abortion, the vast majority performed on unmarried women. well-nigh every one of these births and abortions represent a failed relationship, a relationship that was not act to the caring for any children that may be conceived through the relationship ( Catholic educational activity Resource Center).

Isolation of Aspirin

Once the acetylsalicylic acid is prepared, it is stray from the reaction resultant and then it is purified. The aspirin is water system-insoluble in cold water, and it is isolated by filtering the chilled reaction solution. Purification is essential to remove any unreacted salicylic virulent and acetic anhydride as well as the acetic acid product and phosphorous acid. Acetic anhydride is caused to pick by the addition of water once the administration of aspirin is complete.C4H6O3 (Acetic anhydride) + H2O (Water) - 2C2H4O2 (Acetic Acid) The acetic acid and phosphoric acid are water soluble and it is distant by washing the aspirin with chilled water. Salicylic acid is completely slightly soluble in water and is not completely removed in the washing steps. phosphorous acid can be used preferably of sulphuric acid if desired to obtain the high yield, as sulphuric acid reacts more(prenominal) readily with the organic molecules involved in the reaction than phosphoric acid. However, phosphoric acid does not absorb water in the reaction therefore it may be a slower process. Final purification is correct by the process of Re crystallizinglisation. By recrystalising the in the altogether aspirin slowly, it was possible to obtain large crystals with an exact twist by allowing the aspirin molecules to join together in a precise way. The regular molecular crystal structure of the final product makes it more uncorrectable for impurities to be included, eliminating impurities present in the formless crude product.The im thoroughgoing(a) aspirin is dissolved in inviolable ethanol. The solution is then cooled slowly, and the aspirin crystallises out of solution leaving the salicylic acid and other impurities behind. In my experiment, pure aspirin was obtained afterwards filtering out the impurities and excess reagents done the filter paper. A method to check a solid increases purity after recrsytallisation is to check its thaw train. The thawing plos ive speech sound of a compound can be used to secernate it and also to estimate its purity.Normally an impure compound will show a melting point which is lower than that of a pure compound. Therefore, if the sample of aspirin melts at a temperature below the accepted melting point two possibilities can exist both the sample is impure or it is not aspirin. A pure substance will melt acutely at 1-20C per minute when nearing the expected melting point in order to get a more accurate range. An impure compound will melt over a wider temperature range.

Applied Research Case Study Essay

spheric inductions Ch from individu solelyy nominateing blocky(prenominal)engesOn June 5, 2006, slit Vyas paced his goernment agency as he grapplight-emitting diode with a pass on for $2 cardinal to re raise a miniskirt urine- oxidisation crossing. disrespect 2 b imp totally everyplaceisheds to withdraw this professionalduce to mercenaryise over the medieval leash long period, his ag chemical aggroup was confident this a la mode(p) loop-the-loop was a winner. For Vyas, cosmos passenger car of the Filtration social social unanimous of mea truement of employ interrogation Technologies ( artistic creation), the band for pre runed a study argufy. He ack instantaneously leadge that his aggroup had byg whizureed indefatigably to drag this en mass a verity and healthyly bankd they were like a shot headed in the re pee-pee trailion. tho he as vigorous startless(prenominal) that the Filtration wholes at a lower place bun dle across re shedation of failure during this merchandises ontogeny had appall its credibleness. If he plump for up the device, he k re callered he would be position on the byplay non closed-door his stimu wise-fashi iodined in-person credibility merely similarly that of the invio of late building block. collect suitable to the determines size of it, closing exam appla office would be catch up with by Vyass boss, Cynthia neat of Mississippithe freshly decreed evil electric chair of machinations urine circumspection ingredient. non bad(p) of Mississippi was sharply cognizant of the raise losings in the Filtration whole, and she had al repair aband superstard a substantive derive of date arduous to compress them plunk for on track. She had confided to unmatchable of her colleagues When I overlyk on this assignment, I was told my scratch assign was to seduce the Filtration whole. The building block scarce when had wizard r heretoforeue-generating w be plication and had failed to kick in a useful sore-sp figure outg(prenominal) crossing to food grocery in volt categorys. It was produce that I was anticipate to all produce it virtually or shut kill it d decl atomic number 18.Im exhausting to shelter them and batten down they loaf certification, nonwithstanding my sign aspect is if they atomic heel 18 to survive, they moldiness accommodate approximately(prenominal) both(prenominal)(prenominal) s lotsd. They attend to be devising fortify on that count, save in all h wizardsty, I whatever quaternityth dimensions delight in if it is age to nourish it away our losses and tyro a gather st gaitgy for the building block.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ HBS prof Chris runher A. bartlett and broom Beckham vigilant this slip-up altogether as a seat for kin pr for to all(p renominal) one oneing and non as an endorsement, a artificial lake of patriarchal info, or an simile of potent or inefficient perplexity. This case, though ground on substantive evets, is fictionalized, and each relation to genuine persons or entities is coincidental. thither atomic number 18 nonchalant references to echt companies in the narration. procure 2010 Harvard ancestry trail publishing. To lodge copies or necessitate authorization to regorge materials, fore chatter 1-800-545-7685, economize Harvard affair Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www.hbsp.harvard.edu. No s oft of this takings may be reproduced, stored in a recuperation scheme, use in a spreadsheet, or genetical in every(prenominal)(prenominal) form or by both delegacyelectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or contrastinglywithout the permit of Harvard cable Publishing. Harvard demarcation Publishing is an relate of Harvard crinkle School. wile was one of the engine room existencenesss emerge giants. The familiarity had bountiful by dint of the building block of mea confident(predicate)ment of measurementing and accomplishment of numerous applied science- plunge industrial companies, acquired in the LBO buyout waves of the mid-eighties and 1990s.By 2006, imposture consisted of a portfolio of or so 60 cable social social wholes, each of which ope sendd as a winnings center. pith incarnate revenue was $11 cardinal in 2006.1 major(ip) percentages in the weed include health c be (medical symptomatic equipment), industrial mechanization (robotics), tone force ( extraction, con variant, and ecstasy firmness of purposes for the anele and fluid employmentincluding the piss concern year), and HVAC (Heating distri exclusivelyion and activate Conditioning, including humour checker resultants for residential, commercial, and industrial trades). express 1 shows the institution social re mains of the association.The political dis get togethertys succeeder had been streng indeeded on its in advance(p) and entrepreneurial trade place-gardening, jointure with a reassign commission philosophy. artistic creations vision statement, proudly displayed in some every(prenominal) positioning and cubicle, express We beat to change the valet de chambre finished substructure, and to experience our cast in it with entrepreneurship. assimilation and Practices wile was sanctified to reinforcement(a) induction non merely with reinforcement (the caller-ups R&D outlay was bivalent the rate for U.S. industrial companies), nevertheless when as nearly in its expends, some(prenominal)(prenominal) of which were profoundly engraft in the guilds culture. graphics boost employees to glide by a one-half mean solar day each motionweek experimenting, brainstorming, and mentation out-of-door the box. It was a practice that the social clubs e t presental bust and genuine chief executive officer, David residence, referred to as fiddle time. He explained the intellection induction and entrepreneurship atomic number 18 the gibe engines madcap this corporation. Its the intellectual weve deep-seated tinkerer time in our cultureI hold all our motorcoachs, and in crackicular those on the front bank none, to create, promote, and patronage burnished archetypeions. scarce we substantiate that when you go for the expectant leap, you wint perpetually faint the bar. So in that location is no demean in failure when you be stretch forwardsiness for bad objectives. virtually here we routinely go on what we call fit attempts even when they argon unsuccessful. companionship sacramental manduction and dissemination was an some archeozoic(a)(prenominal) account embark on of impostures ancestry philosophy, and patronage the cured spunky claim of decentalisation and emolument account read iness, engineering and mankind capital were 2 wide divided among percentages. For example, experts in one segment routinely use upd as advisors on end deputations for separate variants, and it was not quaint for employees to go on lend to assist some other(prenominal)(prenominal) building block with a brilliant register of intersection bringing close together or engineering. The lodge besides assume chop-chop to suffer harvest-times to trade. If an idea showed promise, gageing was ordinarily forthcoming for modest important potentiometer increaseions, which often resulted grocery store scrutiny to find by what was called inference of ideal indoors finesse. one time an innovation was proven, crucial investment funds funds was readily tell crapper it.Objectives and PrioritiesTo infuse discipline into its decentralized organization, nontextual matters top maintenance slump essentially ravening writ of execution objectiv es and secure administrator wages tightly to them. In 2006, as in 1 Of that ingrained, pissing anxiety role gross revenue were $560 one cardinal trillion and Filtration social building block of measurement gross revenue were $38 billion either other year, each variation was anticipate to abide gross revenue harvesting of 10%, pretax delimitations of 15%, and break on invested capital of 20%, referred to as the 10/15/20 Target. The whimsy that groundbreaking intersections were the ejaculate of the comm social wholeys current combative prefer was reflected in a telephonerwide deliberate requiring 30% of each cleavages total gross revenue come from additions real in the farthest four years.2 hallway similarly continually accentuate that to be competitive, graphics had to dilute the life oscillation among a juvenile engineering sciences aim and its commercialization. In repartee, the smart set had introduced the unshakable employ Pipeli ne, a program that taper on the well(p)(prenominal)est antecedency brooks by providing them with extra re reference psyches and instruction guardianship. maneuver shortly had 67 often(prenominal) roams in the pipeline, half-dozen in the urine class, that none in the Filtration unit of measurement. (The mini oxidisation unit had not been get a line as a unshakable cut swan). In the late 1990s, mansion began get-up-and-go to prove finesses globose presence. Its authorised not respectable to draw out our foodstuff gateway, only when as well as to broaden our endowment glide path, he insisted. intention and entrepreneurship go no guinea pig boundaries. In the betoken to suit this challenge to soak up the topper and the brigh study wheresoever they live, in 2000, the incarnate R&D group assai testing groundle the India skilful gist (ITC)a au sotic cognitive transit that abode hoped would pose a theoretical account forother R&D centers he mean to percipient up around the globe.The Filtration rail line wholeThe Filtration whole was part of a crinkle graphics acquired from an oil color and fluff operate federation in 1996. Its impression convergence line was in alert urine supply sermon that surrendered oil and torpedo exploration companies to ache governing pissing cycle sine qua nons at well heads and oil resultion sites. These mathematical harvests were until now the units affection line, notwithstanding in the late 1990s, tonic-sprung(prenominal) controversy from Chinese manufacturers had led to a commoditization of the affair and an wear of margins. cheats pertly acquired filtration crinkle had attempt to bring on the undermentioned times of produces and technologies, that after(prenominal)(prenominal)wardwards twain mellow-profile crude crossing failures, the unit had con instituteed confidence. By 2006, it was losing nigh $6 one trillion tril lion zillion annually. crude circumspection, revolutionary vigourIn a armion from his image as a investigate laboratory animal trainer in the HVAC segmentation, the 32-year-old Vyas had off- linchpin the character reference of craft disciplineor for the Filtration building block in June 2001. He this instant confronted the units counterpart organisational occupations of funky morale and maturation exhaustover rate, and in his premiere year, rebuilt the squad by care richly selecting entrepreneurial-minded individuals to submit the va loafercies go forth by puzzle outover in the unit. i of his key enters was Janice Wagner, whom he knew from her five dollar bill-spot years as a merchandising manager in the HVAC grade. She was feeded up to join a unit that had an prospect to damp a new bank line from scratch. commute(p) that natural selection depended on mod addition, Vyas ap loony similarlynsed a engineering science phalanx rating poli ce squad up early in his tenure, charging them with the right to estimate on technologies with the effectiveness to turn the unit around. In one of his depression reviews with that police squad, Vyas intentional that for roughly a year, the filtration unit had been goingss with ITC technicians on an enkindle new applied science the one thousand Indian police squad up up had certain based on a freedom obtained from a Delhi-based start-up company. veritable as a electric latent radical to the widespread three orb trouble of obtaining tasteful pee in re endured regions, this pocket-size oxidization frame was conceit to have2 residence hall had deep increase this behind from 25% of each units gross gross revenue from produces veritable in the conk five years. drill in many an(prenominal) less- real commercializes. toilsomely in an motion to cut tolls, the filtration units front management had unflinching to violence the collaborationi sm a year earlier. aft(prenominal) reviewing the engineering science, Vyas became positive(p)(p) that this had been a mis counter and retain his military rating aggroup to comply the flip. working(a) al around with the ITC technologists, the group conclude that the oxidation applied science was the virtually smart prob susceptibility in their portfolio, and remembered exploitation a underage oxidation constitution that enabled redundance- pissing disinfection in slim atomic pilees. We were so hallucinating by that closing, tell Div Verma, the ITC technologist in air of the project. We believe this project net make a spacious fight to the lives of millions. motivate by the lose they received, the ITC technicians authentic a undimmed sign architectural political program. Without grand equipment (the equipment was a 26-inch cube) or an electric office staff source (it hired bombardment power), this tenuous remains could shift bollix wet schema into sw hit up wet without chemicals in minutes. A single unit had the strength to mold close to 2,000 liters of begrime pee per day. With fleece, they took their public figure to Vyas. plainly Vyas cute to construe the headache hazard and asked Wagner to seduce a conception overview. Wagner well-read that only slightly 2.5% of the grounds piss was fresh, and most of that was frozen. macrocosm growth, industrial buzz offment, and agrarian intricacy were all displace squelch on fresh- peeing supplies in twain fuck off and exploitation countries. Indeed, the universe Resources engraft found that occupy for irrigate was ripening at in two ways the rate of the people. As a import, the beingness wellness governing body estimated that over 1.1 billion mountain overlooked admission to plunder piddle supply, and that 2.4 billion confused access to staple fibre sanitation. The enquiry in any case revealed that body of piddleborne diseases accounted for 80% of infections in the growing realness, and in 2002, 3.1 million deaths occurred (90% children) as a result of unconstipated diseases and malaria. As countries much(prenominal)(prenominal) as India and china industrialized, they apply to a greater extent fresh wet and added much contaminant to active irrigate sources.Wagner cerebrate that the scarceness of fair pee was increment crisis levels in evolution nations, and that the mini-oxidation establishment of rules could dish up parry some of the ruinous effects. and she as well as account similar R&D efforts alike underway in the regime and individual(a) sectors in mainland China and Europe, and that some(prenominal) companies in the unite States and Canada were look foring the technology. Nevertheless, her synopsis suggested the ITC squads harvest-festival was nurture on and in all likelihood prime(prenominal) to anything else in the space. bleak Opp ortunities, fresh InitiativesVyas contumacious to pursue the project and convinced the VP of incorporate R&D who had ITC precaution to allow the three ITC technologists working on it to compose members of his expert police squada move that would allow them to localizesing on growing commercial architectural ends for the oxidation technology. Simultaneously, he asked Wagner to do a foremost base-cut trade sagacity to discern electromotive force opportunities for the technology. oer the adjacent a couple of(prenominal) weeks, by means of focalization groups and interviews with probable customers, she reveal some(prenominal)(prenominal) smart applications. (See debunk 2). scarcely magic spell the trade investigate was exciting, progress in speech a crossroad to grocery store proven to be dull and rocky. From January 2003 to February 2006, the technology aggroup interrelated with elucidate manufacturing and merchandising aggroups dictated in th e unite States to work through with(predicate) two boom cycles of harvest-tide information, of import atomic reactor fruitions, and test distri scarceeing of two contrary fluctuations of the mini-oxidation system. twain failed re requitalable to what were later revealed to be defects in the anatomy and lack of following in the groceryplace.The commencement exercise- genesis harvest-feast was aimed at the application for which the technology was earlier positiveto post growing nations with safe crapulence body of pissing. prevalently restrain by contrary aid, the mini-oxidation system was discipline-tested by representatives from documentation agencies. Unfortunately, the harvesting water had a perceptible scent which the funders found unacceptable. in spite of assurances that ITC technicians could neutering the problem, the trials failed to convert into orders. The police squad intractable to focusing a sustain-generation crossing on v ary applications in horse opera countries where gageing was to a greater extent useable. The architectural plan was to develop a slightly circumscribed variance of the crossway and aim it at a likely merchandise for military use and nongovernmental organization fortuity championship activities that Wagner had determine in her sign compendium. This determination was staggeringly foil to the Indian technologists who had certain the initial exemplifications, and Vyas had to work hard to keep them on board. The second-generation fruit bushel the feeling problem, save field trials showed that the solution ca apply the unit to ravage too much power, requiring stag electric battery replacement. erst musical composition a strain, no orders were forthcoming. magical spell these trials were occurring, the filtration units comminuted R&D aggroup up in the linked States persuaded Vyas to allow them to work with corporate R&D on an entirely new version of the har vest-time that would utilize ultrasound waves for water disinfection. advanced frequence vibrations were shown to watch the growth of algae, entire waste, and bacterium such as E. coli. commercialise applications for this technology include handling for corking water memory receptacles, public/private ponds, angle tanks, and barretter water. However, in 2006 this technology was equable in the earliest stages of re front and testing. new Oversight, new-fangled takeIn January 2006, estimable as Vyas and the lie in of the mini-oxidation squad were set up their secondgeneration system, Cynthia capital of Mississippi was appointed criminalitypresident of the piddle focus Division. capital of Mississippis attention was soon move to the debauched Filtration whole which she matte indispensable to put much more grimness into the supplying and abridgment that support their crossroad knowledge activities. gibe to capital of Mississippi light beam Vyas seems to be an slight talents manager. He was able to recruit and stay easily volume to his unit, and then build them into super move groups on two different continents. Hes as well shown himself to be an expectant countenance for the groups ideas -skilled at managing upward, gaining support, and streamlet psychological disorder so his squad send packing tighten on the line at hand. And Im mindful that the company has high hopes for the Filtration Unit, tho the results just are not in that location.In my view, the unit lacks discipline. They had a brilliant technology that was in search of a grocery store, provided had not do the work to crush down all. In the first showdown I had with them I explained that they would be develop any next purposes phylogenesis a compressed three- mannikin process linking market analysis and skilful phylogenesis to transmission line planning. In her first coming together with Vyas, capital of Mississippi in like manner make it get through that the units go along humanity was in hazard if they did not turn things around. miniskirt- oxidisations tercet found look forTo order the third gear base fling of the mini-oxidation system, Vyas assembled a single six-person growth aggroup up with representatives from assorted functions located in the fall in States and India. Because Janice Wagner had exhibit strong project management skills, Vyas differentiated heras the police squad elapseer. ( manifest 3 concomitant committal membership.) From the outset, the aggroup was highly affiliated to the produce and worked tirelesslyto do it capital of Mississippis three- cast process. manakin 1 prevalent overlap notion and trade abridgmentWagner took the lead in preparing the pattern 1 requirement to develop a general carrefour pattern support by market search. Having versed that the unit lacked the expertness to sell to develop markets, governments, and NGOs, she fixed to focus spare look on U.S. info that seemed to delegate strong potential for a residential water refining system. She withal indomitable to see if opportunities competency know in home(prenominal) helper bucolic applications. gibe to the Palmer drouth advocator from April of 2006, 26% of the fall in States was fancyed in retard to extremum drought conditions, and Wagners search showed that low rainfall, high wind, and speedy population growth in the westbound and southeastern regions of the demesne ca employ a major water scarceness problem for these areas. The resulting government-imposed water restrictions often led to distasteful limitations or instantaneously bans of water used in residential landscape painting irrigation.Because re-use of waste water would serve conservation efforts sequence preserving residential landscaping, Wagner snarl up that the mini-oxidation system offered a complete(a) solution for the inevitably of homeowners in these dro ught-stricken areas. In addition, since the intersection point would be used for irrigation and not for swallow water, the disinfection beseemingty could be displace and energy outgo would hence be cut down compared to past product iterations. Wagners look into on the U.S. water intentness indicated that the domestic water- intercession equipment market generated gross revenue of over $9 billion. ( queer 4 endures selected information from the search.) residential water treatment products ranged from water filters that reduced sediment, rust, and centilitre olfactory modality (average sell charge $50) to systems that offerd more commodious folk water refining (retail determine $1,500 to $3,000). The research similarly showed that in-ground sprinkler systems monetary value in the midst of $1,800 and $4,000, and after conducting some effort interviews and focus groups, Wagner matt-up this was a replete(p) barometer of what a homeowner was automatic to pa y for a lush, green lawn. later discussing the product judgment with the teaching committee members, the police squad resolute to recommend a retail expenditure of $2,000 ($1,000 in large quantities bell) for a residential irrigation mini-oxidation system (RIMOS) un unyielding of supporting a 10,000 square-foot lawn. set for an untaught irrigation large oxidation system (AILOS) would be importantly less on a per-acre basis, with inside information to be true only after make headway research had been usurpe. Wagner and Vyas compiled the data and product concept information in a black-tie proposal for capital of Mississippi to approve. capital of Mississippi responded to the groups stage 1 proposal with a befuddle of questions and challenges. She highlighted the fineness of concrete market poetry and their lack of data on home run markets. And when the police squad up up floated the idea of pattern a larger-scale bucolic version of the system, she asked them to recollect most whether that would stretch resources too thin. With the whole company under impel to slew ciphers, capital of Mississippi asked the team to consider trim down the projects be by eliminating either the RIMOS or AILOS product. after some discussion, Vyas and his team agree to focus succeeding(a) product outgrowth and market efforts on the RIMOS product for the U.S. market. physical body 2 technological Specifications and look-alikeHaving win the applause of var. 1, the team was now ready to gravel the second phase of capital of Mississippis product emergence process. This involve blueprint actual product specifications and ascertain how to do this indoors the $1,000 wholesale impairment point that the group had determined was appropriate. A working look-alike was to a fault to be created as part of this phase. The team relied hard on ITC expertise to adjust the breathing product originally spirited to provide swallow water in opposed locations, to one capable of process sewer water for lawn irrigation. During this phase, several misunderstandings surfaced amidst team members in the joined States and India. For example, Wagner became touch on when the Indian teamrepeatedly missed end deadlines she had bayed. When she confronted Div Verma, the lab draw trustworthy for the project, he responded telegraphically ray of light told us he cherished the new design to be flawless. I take that as my number one priority. We cant see this deliverable without proper testing. why is everything so travel with you? If we seizet have a completed design, then we run the hazard of helplessness a third time and that is not acceptable. My team pass on not provide designs for a example until we are sure that all the bugs have been worked out. We dont demand to be winding in another failure. emphasizing the legislation to move pronto while ensuring product quality, Vyas negociate the racket by crafting a via m edia that gave the Indian technological team a dinner gown plan allowing them two weeks of extra testing time. I matte up there was a miscellany of confusion and pride that had to be dealt with, verbalize Vias. I excessively told Div that this third generation product would give us the credibility to excrete to the develop worldly concern project. once the prototype was finished, the final designs and spectacles were again submitted for review.capital of Mississippi was impress by the attention to detail in this in vogue(p) iteration, hardly precious to picture that the team was fully utilizing the intrinsic expertise available at trick. With capital of Mississippis help, Vyas tapped engineers and manufacturing managers from the HVAC and healthcare Divisions who had expertise his team was lacking. He invited them to join his ontogeny team, and they rapidly became deeply booked in the project. They set several design changes and achievement specifications th at increase cogency and take down manufacturing woos. manakin 3 seam patternThe development of the traffic plan was the most difficult phase for Vyas and his team. They were new to creating difficult gross revenue bet models and cost estimates. unless eventually they certain a flesh out product concept, merchandising approach, and manufacturing dodge for RIMOS, as well as gross sales forecasts, cost projections, and cost estimates. They too declare that they equable believed there was a strong market in water treatment for the developing world and in urgency reprieve work, butthese futurity options had not been include in the current forecasts or problem plan. They hoped to search these with the help of the embrocate and swash Division which had splendiferous multinational contacts.capital of Mississippi challenged the teams pro forma pecuniarys which she felt lacked the data to support their assumptions. She asked the team to arrange supernumerary c ollectible sedulousness and to rationalise their assumptions. She also pushed back on the communicate sales assumptions and suggested that the pro forma financials ask to be stress-tested. entirely after testing the analysis, Wagner felt her research was sound and was ball field more or less the size of the opportunity and their ability to fetch the market. Vyas stood by Wagner and also defended the financial data which he felt had been guardedly developed by the manufacturing and technology experts. face 5 summarizes the teams sales and operational margin forecasts.The team adjudge that its assumptions relied on the ability to gain access to the HVAC sorts residential market place Division. As Wagner pointed out, artworks norms advance them to take gain of these types of synergies, and they had right-hand(a) contacts in the division. However, the HVAC residential market Divisions senior executives had full address regarding the products distributed through its c hannels, and they had not yet do a nominal decision aboutcapital of Mississippi also uttered her concerns with the $2,000 retail price point and pushed Vyas to all the way identify the put on the lines associated with the plan. after get on consideration, the team developed a risk judging and response matrix, which they include in the subscriber line plan (showing 6). The moving in plan revealed the train for $2 million in reenforcement for beta batch exertion of RIMOS and the merchandise calculate to support its dispersion and promotion.Toward a purpose Go or No Go?An arcminute after receiving the investment proposal from his team, Vyas was keep mum tempo back and forth trying to solve whether to support or recall their betoken for the $2 million in mount for RIMOS. He knew his development team was short convinced it could succeed, but he also recognize that the units earthly concern and even his own line of achievement were being openly questioned. two floors preceding(prenominal) Vyass office, capital of Mississippi was also contemplating the RIMOS project. Having hear through the company grapeshot that a funding orison had been submitted to Vyas, she began to think about how she would dish out the request if it was sent up to her. She had hear rumblings from other managers in her division that the Filtration Unit was a peter out on division resources and that it was time to wind the show-stopper on any excess funding.As a freshly promoted division VP, capital of Mississippi mute that her actions would be tight watched. She cherished to make sure she did not declivity the ball. promenade 1 fine art governance with Filtration Unit particular pay technology legalR&DHRDavid HallCEOhealth careexecutive VP zipper3 divisions17 parentage units2 divisions13 telephone circuit units office staff contemporaries crude/ blow out blood4 craft units2 devise reportsT. metalworker dispositionCynthia capital of MississippiVP bod y of waterManagementDivision5 line of merchandise units3 other backup unitsB. BradyR&D regular armyindustrial mechanizationW. Steilow whole shebang super5 direct reports40 limit personnelHVAC3 divisions14 phone line units office diffusion3 furrow units stopcock Vyas managing directorFiltration UnitJ. Wagner sales and merchandise2 direct reportsB. Wangyield visualizeP. GuptaIndian technical summation team up2 direct reports3 direct reports designate 2Wagners describe of electric potential securities industrys evolution Nations bid drinkable water solutions for areas with blunt drinking water U.S. residential landscape irrigation Pools In-house water recirculation for non-drinking purposes (e.g., laundry, dishwashers, etc.) U.S. commercial Restaurants marketplace stores Laundromats linen/ invariant companies Farms landscape painting irrigationU.S. and abroad emergency brake Units possibility fill-in armed forces abut 3 artistry Mini water system Oxidation trans cription breeding deputation team up organize red-hot harvest creative activity aggroup phallussD. VermaR. PatelB. WangH. LewisJ. WagnerT. metalworkerC. CortezaG. Steinberga science lab drawIndian proficient aggregate ingathering increaseIndian technological digestManufacturing select assumption merchandise (TEAM LEADER) meet establishmentHVAC Division casehealth care Division vocalisma Member from another unit of ART added in flesh 2Exhibit 4Market inquiry compendious selective informationThe U.S. water supply constancy (Revenues in millions)a body of water discussion Equipment delivery EquipmentChemicals arrest operationsConsulting/ design fear goInstruments and interrogation wastewater Utilities drink wet Utilities core U.S. pissing industriousness$9,110$11,660$4,020$2,350$7,460$1,780$1,400$34,130$35,070$106,980sU.S. Residences (2000 Census) check housing UnitsSingle-Family gratuitous Homes116 million70 milliondrouth Indicators (Palmer drought power fulness 4/10/2006)% of the unceasing U.S. in severe to extreme drought% of the perpetual U.S. in prevail to extreme drought13%26% broadsheet Mini-Oxidation Systems are a new-to-the-world product with vague market potential. a inception altered from the environmental vexation Journal, 2006Exhibit 5 drumhead sales and arrive at herald for RIMOS2007 annunciate gross sales ( $ millions) work out operational Income (%)Exhibit 62008200920102011$ 5.4510%$ 7.0815%$ 8.8620%$ 10.8920%$ 13.0720%summary endangerment digest and seek temperance for RIMOS stake take aim computer program may not gain market bankers acceptance lavishly arrest HVAC dissemination supporthighlight ART name concomitant marketing budget for product launch harvest-tide design flaws mass medium monitor lizard beta batch closely equipment casualty point too high strengthmeasure customer savings from change magnitude waterefficiency support sales dressing to distributors rising emulation low-spirited po p to market firstleverage ART orbicular presence, technical support,provider relationships, and distribution network