IAS 18 Revenue Recognition

Introduction This assignment features the recognition and measurement of revenue depending on the source of revenue in accordance with the provisions of International Accounting Standards (IAS) 18 Revenue. I researched the topic and defined the special purposes of the assignment: first of all, it is important to know the main concepts of IAS 18, also to learn the rules by using this particular regulatory framework, and to get knowledge about writing the report at all. The Report To: Managing DirectorFrom: Student A Regarding: IAS 18 Date: 3/11/2011 Introduction to the Report The Conference on International Accounting Standard (IAS) 18 Revenue was held to introduce the concepts of the regulatory framework of financial reporting and to represent the given information in convenient use of practice. The objective of IAS 18 is to prescribe the accounting treatment for revenue arising from certain types of transaction and events (Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards, 20 01). Key definitionAccording to International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC) the Framework Revenue is income that arises in the course of ordinary activities of an enterprise and is referred to by a variety of different names including sales, fees, interest, dividends and royalties (IASC, 2000). So revenue is one of the most important indicators of accounting. It is a key factor of the profit, its assessment helps to build many financial indicators on the profitability of the activities of the organization, as well as return on investment.A key issue when recording revenue is to define the moment of its recognition. Revenue is recognized if it is likely that the organization will receive economic benefits in the future, and these benefits can be reliably measured. IAS 18 specifies conditions where these criteria are met and therefore the revenue recognizes. This standard also provides practical advice on the application of those criteria. Measurement of Revenue In accordance w ith IAS 18 revenue is usually determined by agreement between the supplier and the customer or user of the asset.This means that it is measured at fair value consideration, which the company has received or receivable; trade discounts and volume rebates provided by the enterprise are taken into the amount. The standard defines fair value as â€Å"the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction†. (IASC, 2000) As the fair value is often expressed in monetary terms, the revenue will be the amount that the company has received or receivable. This problem occurs when the incoming payment is deferred.In this case the present value of the payment will be less than its face value. So IAS 18 introduced the following requirement: the company must be discounting. In such circumstances all future receipts should be discounted using the imputed interest rate. The second problem in recogn izing the revenue arises in cases when the company offers its clients discounts for fast calculation. To comply with the requirements of IAS 18, discounts for fast payment should be measured at the time of the sale and deduct from the revenue.In cases when there is an exchange for goods or services similar in nature, cost of revenue does not arise. When exchanging a variety of goods, revenue is measured at fair value of the goods or services received, minus the amount transferred to cash or cash equivalents. Revenue recognition Revenue is recognized with regard to the certain points: the convincing evidence of an agreement with a customer, the delivering goods and the rendering of services. Sale of goodsThere are following criteria to recognize revenue from the sale of goods: * Significant risks and rewards associated with ownership of the goods passed from the seller to the buyer; * The company no longer participates in the management of the property, sold goods and it does not hav e control over them; * The amount of revenue can be reliably assessed; * Costs that should be suffered relating to a transaction can be measured reliably; * There will be probable economic benefits for the enterprise as a result of this operation. Rendering of servicesWhen the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be reliably estimated, revenue from the sale of services is based on the level of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date. The outcome of a transaction can be measured reliably when: * The amount of the transaction can be reliably assessed; * There will be probability to get economic benefits for the enterprise as a result of this operation; * Level of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date can be assessed; * Costs that should be suffered relating to a transaction can be measured reliably.Revenue from the provision of goods and all services is only recognized when the amounts to be recognized are fixed or determin able, and collectability is reasonably assured (Elliot B. , Elliot J. , 2007) Interest, royalties and dividends IAS 18 considers the accounting procedure of potential components of revenue organization primarily from transactions involving the sale of goods, rendering of services, as well as through other organizations or individuals property of the reporting organization, giving interest, dividends or royalties.If the probability of the economic benefits for the enterprise exists and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, income in the form of interest, royalties and dividends are recorded as follows: * Interest (fees that are levied for the use of cash and cash equivalents or amounts owed) should be recognized on a temporary basis, which is proportional to the effective yield of the asset; * Dividends (profit-sharing between the owners of the share capital in proportion to their participation in the capital of a particular class) should be recognized when the shareholders have the right to receive payment; * Royalties (fees for the use of fixed assets such as patents, trademarks, copyrights and computer software payments) should be recognized on an accrual basis according to the content of the relevant treaty. Disclosure requirements IAS 18 contains certain disclosure requirements because it is important to use disclosures to get the decision-useful information about an entity’s arrangements with customers.In the income statement, as well as in the financial statements should be disclosed the following information: a. The amount of each substantive article of the revenue received from the sale of goods, services, as well as the amount of interest, royalties and dividends; b. The amount of revenue arose from exchanges of goods or services; c. The methods used to designate the quantitative measures for the level of completion of the transactions in rendering of services. The disclosure requirements provide sufficient information to users of an entity’s financial statements about the changes in circumstances affecting those performance obligations (International Accounting Standards Board, 2008). Example of Revenue On 1/04/2010 Leather Ltd. eceived total subscriptions of â‚ ¬480,000. So as the result, the company is obliged to provide 24 monthly publications of the magazine. Dr Bank 480,000 Cr Deferred Income account 480,000 On 31/03/ 2011 the company has produced and sent out only 6 of the 24 publications, and the total cost of producing the 24 publications is â‚ ¬180,000. The average cost of each publication is the same amount. That means each publication cost 7,500 (â‚ ¬180,000/24). Consequently, the cost of production 6 publications is â‚ ¬45,000 (â‚ ¬7,500*6). For one year, from 1/04/2010 to 31/3/2011, company produced 6 publications. Therefore, to produce all 24 publications, the company should complete the order in 4 years.Thus, each year Leather Ltd. will earn â‚ ¬120,000 (â‚ ¬480,000/4) selling 6 publications. The organization will receive economic benefits in the future, and these benefits can be measured reliably. So 31/3/2011 revenue of the company is â‚ ¬120,000. Dr Deferred Income account 120,000 Cr Sales account 120,000 Income Statement of Leather Ltd. for the year ended 31st March 2011 Sales 120,000 Cost of production 45,000 Gross profit 75,000 Conclusion of the Report Revenue recognition criteria provided in IAS 18 â€Å"Revenue† should normally be applied to each operation separately.However, in certain circumstances, they must be applied to individual elements of a transaction in order to correctly reflect the sources of revenue. At the same time, on the contrary, recognition criteria can be applied simultaneously to two or more operations when their commercial effect cannot be determined without considering the operations as a whole. The provided conference helps to understand that the general principles of revenue recognition and measurement for financial reporting are extremely essential in the system of accounting rules formed by IAS. Signed: ____________ Conclusion The assignment represents the report that determines the important concepts of the regulatory framework defined by IAS 18 Revenue.While researching the following topic I got useful knowledge about the structure of the report. The assignment gives clear explanations of such terms as â€Å"revenue† and â€Å"fair value†, it also outlines important points of revenue recognition and measurement of the revenue. The assignment covers all information about how to recognize revenue and there is the particular example on revenue recognition. Bibliography ELLIOT, B. , ELLIOT, J. , (2007). Financial Accounting and Reporting. Accounting and reporting on an accrual accounting basis. 11th edition. London: Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd. , p. 26. International Accounting Standards Committee (2000). International Accounting Standards Explained.Accounting fo r revenue and Expenses Revenue. London: Copyright of IASC, p. 321. International Accounting Standards Committee (2000), International Accounting Standards Explained, Accounting for Revenue and Expenses Revenue. London: Copyright of IASC, p 322. Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customer. International Accounting Standards Board, 2008. p. 77 http://www. iasb. org/NR/rdonlyres/0E3D5E00-B961-42F0-BA64-AB1D20BB9FE9/0/DP_PreliminaryViewsRevenueRecognition1208. pdf Accessed: 24 Oct 2011 Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards. Deloitte, 2001. http://www. iasplus. com/standard/ias18. htm. Accessed: 20 Oct 2011

Career Episode – Civil

Career Episode 3 a) Introduction This career episode describes my working activity from September till October 2xxx. I was working as a group leader at the design of water-supply and sewerage works and networks of the FFF Bauxite Mine and of a town situated in Komi Autonomous Republic. b) Background. After reviewing the background data I had to define water-supply sources, to calculate water consumption for domestic, industrial and fire safety purposes of the mine industrial area and the town. I also had to estimate sewage runoff and to select appropriate water and sewerage works.I had to foresee the measures devoted to environmental protection. As usual I closely collaborated with relative specialists- prospecting specialists, electrical engineers, water engineers and metallurgical specialists. For this design I carried out all the necessary calculations, developed the principal main water-supply and sewerage works schemes, water consumption and water removal balance schemes. All th e calculations were carried out on a computer. While I was working on the project I took part in the negotiations with the customer, where we discussed the engineering and environmental protection problems.After completing my work I gave the explanatory note to my customer for approval. c) Personal workplace activity. For this design I studied a lot of materials which contained the information about hydrological, geological and climatic parameters of the designed industrial site area. I analysed accounts of preliminary and detailed groundwater prospecting for household water-supply. The careful study of this information made it possible for me to offer the disposition of water-intake works ( artesian wells ) not at the place recommended at the reliminary prospecting. That fact excluded the possibility of chemical and bacterial contamination of the water supply source. I carried out the calculations of water consumption for domestic, industrial and fire safety needs. On the basis of these calculations I developed the water-supply scheme. This scheme was as follows: Water from the water-intake wells is distributed by the pumps to the regulating reservoirs intended for the water collecting before the pumping station of the second raising.The pumps at the pumping station of the second raising discharge water from the regulating reservoirs to the reservoirs where fire-proof, emergency and controlling reserve of water is kept. From the reservoirs the water flows under gravity to the circular network. I made provision for a special installation of the regulating valves with the electric drive in the wells near the tanks in order to pass the fire safety reserve of water. In this project I made an important decision regarding environmental protection. I offered to disinfect potable water at the bactericidal plants.Besides, I foresaw the reserved disinfection of water with the solution of natrium hypochlorite obtained from the solution of salt in the electrolyses. For t his design we (my group under my direction) worked out the borders of sanitary protection zones for water-supply sources and water storage tanks. We kept in view the further development of our object. We also included all the sanitary steps around the zone territory according to the construction standards and rules. On the industrial areas of the mine I designed the recycling water supply systems for a diesel power station, for a crushed stone factory and for a car-washer.I estimated and selected the following works and networks of the recycling water supply systems: recycling water-supply pumping stations, water-cooling towers, car-washer sewage water treatment plants, recycling water pipe-lines. These recycling water supply systems allowed to reduce fresh water consumption. The recycling water supply systems make 92 percent of the whole mine water-supply in this design. I also calculated the following sewerage systems: household, industrially-storm and industrial ones. For the hou sehold sewerage system I estimated and selected sewerage pumping stations, domestic sewage treatment plants, sewerage networks.At the disposal works waste water passes step by step the intake chamber, the racks, the grit catchers and then enters the mixing chamber. The aluminium sulphate solution and chlorine water are fed there to improve oxidising of ammonia nitrogen. Then sewage enters the sedimentation tank, where settling takes place to separate the main part of pollutants. In order to remove residual organic pollutants and unsettled suspended matter the further sewage treatment goes on by the oxidation on the surface of the pores filter bed. Treated sewage water enters the contact chamber for the disinfection.In my explanatory note I gave the description of all the sewerage works and represented the tables of pollutants concentrations in household sewage before and after the purification. I also represented the results of the suspended matter and biological oxygen demand ( BOD ) sewage purification degree design taking into account the process of the mixing with water of the river, in which sewage is discharged after purification. Disposal works which I have selected ensure household sewage purification up to the maximum concentration limits that in turn permit to discharge sewage into basins important for fish industry.I also made provision for storm water treatment. Storm water full of black oil from the territory of lubricating materials storehouse, from a car park and garage, sewage from the repair shops enter the storm water treatment plants. Here sedimentation and purification take place on the filters. After purification storm water isn’t discharged into the basin but it is utilised in the hydraulic ash removal system of the boiler house and partly used to fill the recycling water supply systems of HPP ( heating power plant ). I also designed the second sewage utilisation for the industrial sewerage system.Sewage from the hydro-washing of t he floors of crushed stone factory and of grinding-sorting factory enters the pumping station and then the sewage flows to the ash dump of HPP to fill the recycling water supply systems. In this project I had to solve the problem of the FFF bauxite mine quarry water treatment working together with the water engineer and the specialist of our institute scientific research department. I provided for the sewage treatment and the sewage discharge into the river belonging to the fish-industry basins of the extra quality, where the pollutants content was carefully controlled by the present legislation.The mine quarry water is a mixture of treated industrial water and water pumped from the mine underground roadways. The water is generally polluted by the suspended matter and the oil products. First the quarry water flows into the sedimentation tank. In the sedimentation tank the averaging of seasonal movements of water consumption and the partial suspended matter sedimentation takes place. To achieve the required purification degree I developed the process flow sheet with the reagent water treatment and the following filtration. The flow sheet includes:The suspended matter treatment in the sedimentation tank with natrium aluminate as a coagulant. Filtration. The pollutants content after the purification meets the specifications of the maximum permissible concentrations of the controlled components for fishing basins. To achieve the required purification degree I provided for the centralised control of the process, the automatic adjustment of the parameters and the analytic control of the quality of influents and effluents. To ensure reliable work and optimal sanitary-engineering conditions all the reservoirs equipment is provided by the special devices.These devices give warning signals if the limiting value is achieved. All the equipment and all the pipe-lines which are exposed to the aggressive medium acting are protected by the special corrosion proof coverage. d) Summary. In this design many tasks and problems were accomplished. They are closely connected with water-supply, water draining, sewage treatment, environmental protection of the designed object. Developing this design, I managed to apply all my knowledge and skills of a construction engineer. The design was approved and co-ordinated by the customer.

Sport Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sport Diplomacy - Essay Example Sport provides a tool for governments to preserve and reinforce their international cohesion and retain their international prestige, and that is the main reason why the majority of states consider their participation in the Olympic Games mandatory, using the latter as an opportunity to enhance their economic and cultural images and to deliver political messages (Jaffe and Nebenzahl, 2006, p.68). Sport as well reflects trends occurring in ideological politics (Jaffe and Nebenzahl, 2006, p.71). As vividly explained by Jaffe and Nebenzahl (2006), during 1924 Olympic Games US rugby football team experienced significant aggression, which illustrated the German propaganda, impact of international politics on public opinion and the reversing side of sport events as diplomatic tool, a counter-diplomatic in this particular case (Jaffe and Nebenzahl, 2006, p.71). Furthermore, sport constitutes a mirror for international conflicts, relations, dilemmas and solutions, since one has only to take a look on the images and representations from big international competitions like The Football World Cup or the Olympic Games to identify depending on the historical period a certain national pride (the United States during most of the Olympic Games) or national malaise (Iraq Olympic Team in the last two Olympic Games). This particular paper aims to examine different situations on how sport is used as a part of political diplomatic strategy and how communicative tactics are utilized to enhance application of sports as a diplomatic and political tool. The first part of the paper discusses the role and scope of sport diplomacy, and communication and ethical dimensions of sport diplomacy. Simultaneously, the second part examines the origin of sport...From the theoretical perspective, sport diplomacy is defined as the utilization of sport to pursue political objectives (Senn, 1999, p.35). The scope of sport diplomacy ultimately depends on what political objectives should be met, therefore, sport diplomacy can be used as a tool of state internal affairs or a method aimed to enhance or worsen diplomatic relations between countries. Analyzing the application of sport as a diplomatic tool, it is necessary to emphasize that for many nations sports have served as a form of national identity. Successes by individuals have become symbolic of the nation (Ilmarinen, 1984, p.9). It seems that international sporting activities have been especially important when nations were either struggling for independence or consolidation (Lowe et al, 1978, p.51). As an example of the national importance of sport achievements, one can refer to the medals received by the South Korean athletes in the Seoul Olympics (Guttman, 1992, p.43). Their medals were regarded as valuable and signified national prestige in the country, which during that period was trying to i mprove its international and economic status. One might rationalize that sport diplomacy plays an important role in enhancing the social mobility of underdeveloped countries in the international arena. It would seem that the nationalistic character of sport diplomacy has become even more important to developed nations. The historical facts which identify the close relationship between sport diplomacy and political ideology are abundant

Debate Pro-life and Pro-choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate Pro-life and Pro-choice - Essay Example This is in relation to the fact that it s the men who mainly create the policies barring women from participating in abortions. This is considering that it is the woman’s choice on whether to bring the child into the world as it involves her health and wellbeing on multiple aspects. In this case, pro-choice activists view it as a violation of human rights towards a given individual, or even on a gender basis. This is following the issue of women being forced to bring to life children they cannot handle on their own, or even do not want to bring into the world (â€Å"Crisis Pregnancy Centers† 3). Pro-choice activists also argue that forcing a woman to bring such a child into this world is an immoral act, as unwanted children are the largest cause of violence (Riley 1). In this regard, children have a moral right to responsible and willing parents, which make conscious conception a necessity in today’s world with all its social tragedies. The pro-choice argument at tempts to cover the wellbeing of both the child and the mother by bringing into perspective the social and economic wellbeing of the child and the health of the mother. In this light, the pro-choice argument supports legal abortion as it is of the view that whether abortion is legal or illegal, abortions are bound to happen, and it would rather they were legal in order to be safe than unsafe due to their illegality. On the other hand, the pro-life argument concerns itself with pushing for the rights of the fetus based on the belief that it remains an unborn human being. As a result, the fetus has equal rights as any other normal human being. Furthermore, it concerns itself with the innocence of the fetus, where its innocence is similar to that a child with no offence and no knowledge of the world. Pro-life activists argue that it is immoral to end the life of an unborn fetus, as

Are We Abusing Our Free-Speech Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are We Abusing Our Free-Speech Rights - Essay Example This fundamental freedom must be continually fought for in every medium and circumstance if the nation is to remain the shining beacon of liberty for the world. The constant battle for the preservation of free speech has most recently been enjoined concerning the unabated flow of information on the internet. The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) ruled that radio and television was exempt from First Amendment protection therefore must comply with arbitrary content guidelines. Though clearly a legal matter, the FCC gave itself the power to censor the media without virtue of a court decision. Now that censorship has been accepted by the majority, the government is currently attempting to control the internet. The powers that be apparently believes the public is abusing it’s free speech rights. The American public seems to be in favor of restricting online gambling as well as material of a sexual nature but this is a generation that has grown accustomed to censorship by their government and in many cases encourages this unconstitutional practice. A disturbing trend that should end with this generation and the battle ground is cyber-space. The Internet, today’s battleground for free speech The internet itself is not regulated. As efficient and enormously informative as the web is, its content is not overseen as are other communications mediums such as television and radio. It is a groundbreaking new technology that has amalgamated societies of the country and the world and introduced the concept of truly free expression and the perception that nothing is taboo. Everything is exposed and available at everyone’s literal finger-tip. The Internet has no physical, ethical or moral boundaries. Lawmakers and legal scholars generally use legal precedents from broadcast media decisions as the model for definitions of indecency and obscenity when developing regulations governing the Internet. Governmental censorship rational The Communications Decenc y Act (CDA) of 1996 made it a federal crime to display ‘indecent material’ on any computer network unless the website owner utilizes ‘effective’ techniques to control access of that material to minors. This law appears to be a reasonable compromise that protects free speech and prevents children from accessing objectionable material, but in practice and effect, outlaws free speech from the Internet. The Internet allows everyone the freedom to connect with other people and suppliers worldwide but an economical means for individuals to restrict their art or thoughts to the eyes of children is yet to be developed. Because of this lack of security technology, across the board prohibition is justified under the law, a concept that is in itself considered unlawful by a strict definition of the First Amendment of the Constitution which unambiguously guarantees the right to free speech (Pilon, 1994). Supreme Court decisions have consistently found that the First Am endment does not apply to obscene communications and have allowed communities to establish their own restrictions regarding what is obscene. The court in Miller v. California explained that if the ‘average’ person would describe the work as obscene or if it showed or expressed patently offensive sexual conduct without ‘serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value,’ the material is correctly defined as obscene (Mason, 2000). Censoring the Internet is impractical

Drawing & CAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drawing & CAD - Essay Example In my project, the major problem I faced was the right code to use. This is because AutoCAD is not that intuitive like other drafting programs. I was able to learn the commands and codes in the two main tool bars: draw, edit, and I were able to draw the commands for various parts after 2 to 3 weeks. On the other hand, a problem came about when I had to type the same line of code in different parts of the project, which proved to be tedious and time consuming. Through learning of the different concepts, I was able to realize the technique of code reuse that enables to me work efficiently in beating the deadline in the various repetitive tasks. In the solid Works Modeling Process, I happened to experience some difficult when it came to modeling brackets. I had to go the long way in sketching the offset and dimensioning the sketch, which was hard, and time consuming. After continuous use and practice I came to realize the simpler approach that involved the use of extrude thin feature where the sketch is first created and then directly extruded as shown in figure 1.1 Dimensioning in AutoCAD is used to create and design clear drawings. The dimensions are automatic since arrows, lines, and the associated texts are manipulated using the specified dimension commands. The different approaches to dimensioning include An approach used to dimension along straight lines. The associated commands include DIMLINEAR, DISCONTINUE, DIMBASELINE AND DIMALIGNED and it is used to draw horizontal and vertical dimensions. To create a linear dimension, you first start the command and specify the starting and end points and the pick a point that would specify the position of the dimension line as shown in figure 1.2 When it comes to parts that require creation of circles and radius Radial dimensions is the most appropriate and consists of two commands, the DIMDIAMETER and the DIMRADIUS. They are both similar thus; AutoCAD automatically inserts an R to indicate radius and the

Reflective paper in PALLIATIVE CARE 260 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective paper in PALLIATIVE CARE 260 - Essay Example The pain that the patient was going through usually brought in him feelings of depression and hopelessness, especially with the realization that chances of survival were slim. The patient had decided to make an end of life plan in the last 6 months of the 45th year, which doctors had assured him would not end before he died. For sure, he died in the 5th month. The end of life plans included a will, which he gave me to give his son after he completed high school. To him, I was more understanding than his 16 year old son who had lost his mother in a tragic road accident. He was the only child in the family and my uncle felt that he could be spoiled if he was exposed to the wealth before completion of his final year in high school. Care was provided for the patient to improve his quality of life and also ensure that it would be prolonged to last at least six months from the date that the doctors diagnosed him with terminal illness. Counselors from the local health center used to visit the patient’s home once per week to comfort him regarding the possibility of his life being prolonged despite the illness. Sometimes the local preacher who worked hand in hand with the healthcare professionals would accompany them to provide spiritual nourishment to the patient. The patient used to sigh with relief every time the group visited the home. He asserted that he felt taken care of and never suffered from rejection. The care that he received was similar to the palliative care that Lee et al. (2002) argued is significant for a society that has value for its members. According to him, people need to be encouraged even if it is known that there are slim chances for survival. The trauma of being aware that the day of dying is nearing may lead to stress and fear especially during the night when everybody else retires to sleep. Loneliness engulfs the ailing person and the fact that the exact time he/she will die is not known generates anxiety and feelings of

Market Segmentation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Market Segmentation - Research Paper Example most important aspects of successfully promoting and advertising a product is the process of segmenting the market and ultimately choosing the target market that the product will be primarily sold to. The outcome of this research can be studied and analyzed in common public advertisements such as the online weekly ad for Sears. According to the book entitled Principles of Marketing, market segmentation is defined as â€Å"dividing a market into smaller groups of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors that might require separate marketing strategies or mixes†(Kotler and Armstrong, 2010, p. 191). There are many different ways to segment a market including geographically, demographically, psychographically, and behaviorally (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010, p. 193). Once the marketers have determined the different segments, they will typically choose a specific segment that they believe will be attracted to their product. Ultimately, this specific segment is known as a target market(Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). In looking at the weekly ad for Sears, it becomes clear that the company is seeking to reach a specific market. The front page of the ad states â€Å"Amazing back to school looks for Juniors†(Sears.com, 2011). In conjunction with these words, the ad features Audrina Patridge who is a young reality star who tends to be well known with younger crowds (Sears.com, 2011). The front page of this ad is trying to reach high school students who are about to go back to school and are likely going to buy new clothes. In presenting their advertisement, Sears has to compete against the many other clothing stores that are trying to reach the same market of young high school kids. At the same time, the store must try to reach the parents of these kids who typically are buying the clothes for their kids. In studying this ad, it would appear that this ad would be successful in reaching their audience. In gearing toward the parents, the ad includes a coupon

Data Warehouse Business Pla Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data Warehouse Business Pla - Assignment Example The company’s data management and knowledge by its personnel and use of the internet in data warehouse are clearly explained. Under internet use, web revolution in data warehouse has contributed towards the growth of many business organizations. IT planning and analysis processes are vital in the operation and growth of any company that deals with data warehouse. Lastly, a summary of main areas or factors that contribute towards the success of the company are illustrated in the business plan. Overview and Structure of the Business Data Ware House Business The main activity of data warehouse business is to provide data resources for external public health partners. This is a vital idea because Local Public Health Agencies (LPHA) only targeted the primary stakeholders and need to access county-level data regarding health indicators. Based on the health indicators, the business will determine the content of the warehouse that will enable LPHA to effectively plan and evaluate oper ations (Khan, 2005). Objectives of the Business The first objective of the company is to improve the levels of information accessibility where the public health partners can access information from data warehouse. The second objective is to promote quality decision-making process by the company’s management. ... Activities involved in this stage include gathering or collecting high-level data requirements of the warehouse and evaluating expectations of the various users such as casual and power users. The last stage is the definition of the data warehouse project and its scope. The scope of the business will function as the business plan of the data warehouse that outlines the objectives and the vital success factors of the business (Khan, 2005). The Infrastructure and Information Systems Needs of the Company The infrastructure plan of the data warehouse describes the hardware, software and data networks, which are crucial in providing support to data warehouse. The infrastructure plan is dependent on two factors, the project budget and the results of gap analysis. Architecture of Infrastructure and Information Systems The architecture of infrastructure and information systems is built on telecommunication networks, data warehouses, databases, hardware, software and their procedures that are managed by various specialists (Khan, 2005). Due to the current globalization in business, it is important to put in place extensive planning to maintain the complex infrastructure. Information systems and infrastructure need to be properly set up to create significant options for various corporate initiatives that might involve mergers, transformations, and acquisitions in the global business market (Kerschberg, 2001). Information Services Organization Internal units or outside firms will deliver the information services of the company. The organization of information services characterized by outsourcing is essential in improving the accessibility levels, enhance cost saving and emphasizing the company’s focus on its set goals or

Knowledge and Heritage Essay Example for Free

Knowledge and Heritage Essay Abstract Alice Walker’s Everyday Use and Amy Tan’s â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† investigate the relationships between mothers and daughters. Both writers show a struggle, by the children, to understand the true meaning of heritage. Each story has a specific type of mother-daughter relationship. Mother and Daughter Conflict: The Struggle to Understand Heritage in First-generation Americans A key factor in Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use,† and Amy Tan’s â€Å"A Pair of Tickets,† is heritage. Throughout both stories the use of heritage can be seen easily. Walker shows Dee misunderstands her heritage while Tan shows Jing-Mei comes to an understanding. Understanding both sides of the two stories gives readers a chance to explore their own heritage and reflect on how they accept their past. By contrasting the family characters in â€Å"Everyday Use,† Walker illustrates Dee’s misunderstanding of her heritage by placing the significance of heritage solely on material objects. Walker presents Mama and Maggie, the younger daughter, as an example that heritage in both knowledge and form passing from one generation to another through a learning experience connection. Dee, the older daughter, represents a misconception of heritage as a material thing. Dee portrays a rags to riches daughter who does not understand what heritage is all about. Her definition of heritage hangs on a wall to show off, not to be used. Dee’s avoidance of heritage becomes clear when she is talking to Mama about changing her name, she says, â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer being named after the people who oppress me† (Walker 746). Dee just takes another name without even understanding the true meaning behind it. She tries to explain to Mama that her name now has meaning, quality, and heritage; never realizing that the new name means nothing. Dee fails to realize that her name goes back multiple generations. Dee digs around the house for objects she can display in her own home as examples of African-American folk art. Her argument with Mama about taking quilts that were hand stitched as opposed to sewn by machine gives readers a chance to see Dee’s outlook of heritage is short lived. Dee says to Mama, â€Å"But they’re priceless. . . Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they’d be in rags. Less than that! † (Walker 748). Mama will not allow her daughter to take the quilts because she has been saving them for Dee’s sister, Maggie, and she wants the quilts to be put into everyday use. By helping and living with Mama, Maggie uses the hand-made items in her life, experiences the life of her ancestors, and learns the history of both, exemplified by Maggie’s knowledge of the hand-made items and the people who made them—a knowledge in which Dee does not possess. Dee attempts to connect with her heritage by taking â€Å"picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house. . . She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included† (Walker 746). Therefore showing Dee’s quest for heritage is external, wishing to have these various items in order to display them in her home. She allowed Dee to run over her enough, and now she would not allow her foolish behavior to carry on, because heritage needs to be put to everyday use and not just be hung up on a wall for people to see. Dee views her heritage as an artifact which she can possess and appreciate from a distance instead of as a process in which she is always intimately involved. She knows the items are hand-made, but she does not know the knowledge and history behind the items. Yet, Mama does know the knowledge and history and she also knows that Maggie does too. Ironically, Dee criticizes Mama for not understanding heritage when, in fact, Dee fails to understand heritage herself. Throughout the story, the true meaning of heritage is understood by two characters and avoided by one character. Dee mistakenly places heritage wholly in what she owns, not what she knows. In Amy Tan’s â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† the theme of Chinese-American life, focuses mainly on mother-daughter relationships, where the mother is an immigrant from China and the daughter is thoroughly Americanized. Tan begins her story by describing a feeling that Jing-mei, the narrator, speaks of. She says, â€Å"The minute our train leaves the Hong Kong border and enters Shenzen, China, I feel different. I can feel the skin on my forehead tingling, my blood rushing through a new course, my bones aching with a familiar old pain. And I think, my mother was right. I am becoming Chinese† (Tan 120). Tan tells a story within itself giving readers a chance to get to know the character right off the bat and also allowing an understanding of heritage to be brought out. Jing-mei has come to China to trace her Chinese roots which her mother told her she possessed, and to meet her two twin half-sisters whom her mother had to abandon on her attempt to flee from the Japanese. Readers can see that Jing-mei has waited her whole life to connect with her heritage when she says, â€Å". . . I saw myself transforming like a werewolf, a mutant tag of DNA suddenly triggered, replicating into a syndrome, a cluster of telltale Chinese behaviors, all those things my mother did to embarrass me. . . . But today I realize I’ve never really known what it means to be Chinese. I am thirty-six years old. My mother is dead and I am on a train, carrying with me her dreams of coming home. I am going to China† (Tan 120). Although Jing-mei was not born in China like her mother, she now has a grasp on her life and on her mothers. By having the story take place on a train in China, helps the tracing of heritage become real for readers. Strong feelings of happiness and sorrow are felt when Jing-mei traces her Chinese roots and becomes in touch with her heritage and her past; allowing readers to place themselves in the same situation and experience the feelings are being portrayed by the characters. Learning about family heritage is something people do not always understand, like Jing-mei, people do not always want to believe their past and heritage. When coming to an understanding of their past, people can lay to rest their urging thoughts and can come closer in contact with their present life. Now that Jing-mei has met her sisters, she can now make peace in her life knowing that she has fulfilled her dreams and the dreams of her mother. Amy Tan reveals Jing-mei’s epiphany well by writing, â€Å"I look at their faces again and I see no trace of my mother in them. Yet they still look familiar. And now I also see what part of me is Chinese. It is so obvious. It is my family. It is in our blood. After all these years, it can finally be let go† (Tan 134). Jing-mei finally realizes that she is Chinese and that her mother was right. Jing-mei also says, â€Å"Together we look like our mother. Her same eyes, her same mouth, open in surprise to see, at last, her long cherished wish† (Tan 134), thus adding on to her realization of her heritage and past. Jing-mei can now lay to rest the thought of her mother never seeing her twin daughters again and continue on with her existing life, but now with a different perspective, a Chinese perspective. Throughout both of the stories, heritage becomes a major factor. The characters coming to an understanding of heritage helps readers to become more fascinated with the stories. Bringing out the points in Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† and Tan’s â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† gives readers a chance to see the heritage â€Å"shining through†. References Tan, A. (1999) A Pair of Tickets. In E. Kennedy and D. Gioia (7th Ed. ). Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. (p. 120-134) New York City, NY: Longman. Walker, A. (2008). Everyday Use. In R. DiYanni (6th Ed. ). Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. (p. 743-749). United States of America: McGraw Hill.

FDI in International Politics

FDI in International Politics Literature Review FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) is one of the important areas in the study of International Political Economy (IPE) today. The emergence of MNCs (Multinational Corporation) in the beginning of 1960s has led to the growing research about the impacts of MNCs on nation-state. As MNCs become not only significant in numbers but also gain significant power over time, many scholars started to assess to what extent MNCs contribute to the national welfare and to what extent they undermine the national interest. Before going in-depth into the analysis of the existing research, I will firstly examine the definitions of FDI and MNC. Scholar Stephen Cohen described FDI and MNC as two inextricably intertwined concept but not perfect synonyms. In other words, they are both referring to the same phenomenon of international business operations, yet present different facets of the phenomenon. The definition of FDI in the paper will follow the widely accepted definition according to OECD, which is an i nternational venture made by an investor in an economy to acquire a lasting interest in an enterprise residing in another economy[1]. Lasting interest in this framework indicates that the investor holds a significant degree of long-term influence in the management of the direct investment enterprise, which normally holds 10 percent of voting stock. On the other hand, the paper refers MNC as a business enterprise that engages in FDI and upholds value-added holdings in more than one country[2]. In the following section I will be reviewing the existing literature that are related to my research question of whether Australia should relax its investment regime. I will be dividing the existing literature into two camps, conservative camp and liberal camp. Specifically, conservative camp argues that the potential level of threat to national interest is greater than the benefits of the increased investment, which indicating a strict or tighten investment regime is more suitable for the country. Liberal camp advocates that the benefits of the increased investment is greater than the level of threat to the nation-state, which implying a loosen investment regime is more preferred for the country. Conservative camp is usually dominated by scholars in the field of political science. With the rising market power and the growing importance of multinationals in the global economy, more and more scholars and politicians have viewed the increasing danger of FDI have on the nation-state. Some scholars even assert that FDI is already transforming the nature of international economic and political affairs in manners that diminish the nation-state and integrate national economies. A famous scholar of international political economy, Susan Strange expresses that the state sovereignty is under attack, by stating that cross-border commercial activities has become more powerful than the states to whom ultimate political authority over society and economy is supposed to belong. Where states were once the masters of markets, now it is the markets which, on many crucial issues, are the master over the governments of states[3]. Strange attributes the cause of the diminishing state power to the structural changes in the world economy, specifically the technological and financial changes as well as the accelerated integration of national economies into a single global marketplace, which the overall changes have shifted in favour of multinational. That being said, Strange is still considered not as radical compared to other conservatives, as she still views MNCs as a parallel authority. Unlike Susan Strange, Scholar Robert Walters is a more radical conservative. He illustrates that there are two views of MNCs[4]. First view is where MNC is an independent actors operating in the interstices of state-to-state relations, and it challenges the sovereignty of all states. He further asserts that good regulation governing these MNCs could benefit the global economy. The second view is where MNC is viewed as instrument serving the home countrys foreign policy, which can in turn allowing the home country to penetrate and secure effective economic and political dominance over the world such as the United States. However, at the end of the day, he still stresses that no matter what view the MNCs takes, they both have a tendency to threaten the capacity of states to pursue effective their national economic and political goals through such standard devices as fiscal policy, monetary policy, investment controls, and so forth. Somewhat similar to the two views of MNCs introduced by Robert Walters, Joseph Nye demonstrates three ways of how MNCs influence the world politics. The first is the direct role of MNCs, in which the MNCs are affecting the governments and the politics of other countries by dealing with them directly. The second way is the unintended direct role of MNCs, where MNCs are used by the home government as an instrument in the host countries. The third is the indirect roles of MNCs in setting the agenda for their home government. With the growing influence of MNCs have on world politics, Joseph Nye views that even though States will not cease to exist, transnational production unites will over a large part of their role in proving for the citizens welfare and will even claim a proportionate share of their loyalties[5]. Given that Australian investment regime prevents any foreign governments that have a free hand to pursue political agendas in Australia, some scholars question the pure commercial motives of Chinese ODI and refer these investments as instruments utilised by the Beijing government to serve its political goal. Scholar Mark Wang points out that Chinas investment overseas has been one element of a broader process of restructuring and political activities in which the government plays an important role.[6] Similarly, Tomasic and Xiong [7]who examines the Chinese SOE in Australia claim that SOEs have served as national champions working for the advancement of Chinas national interests. For that reason, they claim that Chinese SOEs should not be treated in the same way as privately controlled foreign companies. They further conclude that the Australian regulation governing Chinese SOE in Australia is seen as reasonable and not dismissed as populist. There are several issues worth nothing existing in the literature of this camp. Most radical conservative scholarly articles are written a long time ago, given the political uncertainty at the time particularly after the World War two, they might overestimate the power of MNCs and underestimate the role of government. Another issue of this camp is that almost none of the underlying rationale is based on hard empirical data. Finally, most of the academic debate also suffers from the tendency to view the situation as a zero-sum game. In contrast to conservative camp, liberal camp sees MNCs will not challenge the role of the government and national sovereignty. This school of thought upholds the superior role of the government. As scholar David Fieldhouse argues[8], the nation-state is still the only universally recognized way of organizing political life. In other words, he believes that the host government still has the upper hand and can set the rules of engagement. A government has the jurisdiction and is able to force a foreign firm to leave by tightening regulatory controls, raising the cost of doing business, or threatening to arrest executives. Even a weak government has the authority to physically block the entrance of a foreign subsidiary that is not welcomed. Despite that the states have lost bits and pieces of their sovereignty, this erosion of sovereignty does not signify that they have all become dysfunctional or obsolete[9]. Scholars including Bergsten note that the existence of MNCs should not be viewed as engaging in a zero-sum game of domination with governments. To the extent that MNCs serve as means for governments to exert and enhance national power, they are sovereignty affirming rather than sovereignty diminishing[10]. Scholar Gilpin also believes that nation-state remains the predominant actor in international economic affairs. He criticises the critic for being exaggerate the veils of the MNCs and their role in the world economy. Despite that some MNCs do exploit and damage the world, the MNC as an institutions is beneficial to many people worldwide. He asserts MNCs is a major source of capital and technology for economic development[11]. The common issues of these two camps: lack of looking at the motives of Chinas ODI, lack of looking at the new trend of Chinas ODI in developed countries (resource rich to real estate) Additional references Rosen and Hanemann, Chinas Changing Outbound Foreign Direct Investment Profile, pp. 20-21. Pamlin and Long, Re-think Chinas Outward Investment Flows, pp. 25-26; and Schà ¼ler-Zhou and Schà ¼ller, The Internationalization of Chinese Companies. Wu, The Globalization of Corporate China, p. 19; Pamlin and Baijin, Re-think Chinas Outward Investment Flows, pp. 19-20; and Rosen and Hanemann, Chinas Changing Outbound Foreign Direct Investment Profile, p. 20. Hong and Sun, Dynamics of Internationalization and Outward Investment, p. 622; Deng, Investing for Strategic Resources and Its Rationale, pp. 74-75; and Yip, Foreign Acquisitions by Chinese Firms, p. 216. Hong and Sun, Dynamics of Internationalization and Outward Investment, p. 623. [1] OECD. (2008). OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investmentstatisticsandanalysis/40193734.pdf [2] Shah, F. A. (2012). A Critical Review of Multinational Companies, Their Structures and Strategies and Their Link with International Human Resource Management. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 3(5), 28-37. [3] Susan Strange, The Retreat of the State-The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 4 [4] Walters, R. S. (1972). International Organizations and the Multinational Corporation: An Overview and Observations. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 403(1), 127-138. [5] Nye, J. S. (1974). Multinational Corporations in World Politics. Foreign Affairs, 53(1), 153. [6] Wang, M. Y. (2002). The Motivations behind Chinas Government-Initiated Industrial Investments Overseas. Pacific Affairs, 75(2), 187. [7] Xiong, Ping and Tomasic, Roman, Chinese State-Owned Enterprises in Australia Legal and Investment Challenges (2015). Australian Journal of Corporate Law, Vol. 30, 2015. [8] David Fieldhouse, A New Imperial System? The Role of the Multinational Corporations Reconsidered, in Jeffry [sic] A. Frieden and David A. Lake, eds., International Political Economy (Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2000), p. 178. [9] Arie Kacowicz, Regionalization, Globalization, and Nationalism, Kellogg Institute for International Studies, Working Paper Series no. 262, December 1998, pp. 39-40, available online at http://www.nd.edu/~kellogg/WPS/262.pdf; accessed June 2005. [10] C. Fred Bergsten, Thomas Horst, and Theodore Moran, American Multinationals and American Interests (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1978), p. 333. [11] Robert Gilpin, U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1975), pp. 139, 161.

First Ladies :: essays research papers

There were four women that i enjoyed reading. One was Nacy Regan. She was born on July 6,1923(some reasources say 1921) in New York City. She as a former film and stage actrss who became First Lady of the United States when husband, Ronald Regan, become President in 1980. She was First Lady from 1981 until 1989. She did campaigns such as Drug-Free Youth and Adopt Grandparent Program. Lady Bird Johnson was another I was interrested in. Born Claudia Alta Taylor in Texas on December 22, 1912. She got her name "Lady Bird" when she was a child. Her mother died when she was only five. Her father, aunt and family servents help raised her. She went on to college to study arts and journalism at University of Texas. Lady Bird is a devoted partner to her husbands political career. Betty Ford was known said to be the "all american wife" but most peopld just saw her as a First Lady. Elizabeth Bloomer was born on April 8, 1918 in Chicago, Ill. Betty described her childhood to be full of friends, dates and social outtings. In 1942 she married Bill Warren, whom she had known since she was in grade school Three years into their marrige she realized that they were incompatible. She wanted to start a family and home; he was on the road a lot. She wanted a divorce. Before sho could tell him what she felt he went into a diabetic coma, and was unable to walk. So Betty took care of the household and visited Bill in the hospital. In 1947 he recovered and she filed for divorce. Later that year she met Gerald Ford and they dated for a year then they got married in late Oct. then two weeks later was elected to the House Of Representatives. Betty soon became an alcoholic when he was in office and went into rehap.

Surface Tension :: essays research papers fc

Surface Tension   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My problem was to find out how to test or measure surface tension. I think the reason of some of the force in surface tension is cohesion and gravity. Surface Tension is the condition existing at the free surface of a liquid, resembling the properties of an elastic skin under tension. The tension is the result of intermolecular forces exerting an unbalanced inward pull on the individual surface molecules; this is reflected in the considerable curvature at those edges where the liquid is in contact with the wall of a vessel. Because of this property, certain insects can stand on the surface of water. A razor blade can also be supported by the surface tension of water. The razor blade is not floating: if pushed through the surface, it sinks through the water. More specifically, the tension is the force per unit length of any straight line on the liquid surface that the surface layers on the opposite sides of the line exert upon each other. The tendency of any liquid surface is to become as small as possible as a result of this tension, as in the case of mercury, which forms an almost round ball when a small quantity is placed on a horizontal surface. The near-perfect spherical shape of a soap bubble, which is the result of the distribution of tension on the thin film of soap, is another example of this force; surface tension alone can support a needle placed horizontally on a water surface.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surface tension depends mainly upon the forces attraction between the particles within the given liquid and also upon the gas, solid, or liquid in contact with it. The molecules in a drop of water, for example, attract each other weakly. Water molecules well inside the drop may be thought of as being attracted equally in all directions by the surrounding molecules. However if surface molecules could be displaced slightly outward from the surface, they would be attracted back by the near by molecules. The energy responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension may be thought of as approximately equilivant to the work or energy required to remove the surface layer of molecules in a unit area. In comparison, organic liquids, such as benzene and alcohol's, have lower surface tensions, whereas mercury has a higher surface tension . An increase in temperature lowers the net force of attraction among molecules and hence decreases surface tension.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surface tension is also viewed as the result of forces acting in the plane of the surface and tending to minimize its area. On this basis.

Darkness Illuminated

Since the conception of humanity, man has been fascinated with that presence which illuminates, yet cannot be touched. Mankind has brought it into his religions, giving it a great deal of importance in his creed. Following in the footsteps of his ancestors, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses light as a tool of God that illuminates the darkness of human iniquity and exposes its permanence. He studies the psychological theme of the impossibility of eradicating sin from the human heart in his novel The Scarlet Letter. The use of light in order to fortify this psychological theme confirms its significance in the novel. As though he were weaving an elaborate tapestry, Hawthorne meshes lights intense symbolism into his characters natures until a chef d’oeuvre manifests itself upon the loom of the readers intellect. This tapestry serves as a subtle background upon which the characters sinful hearts are bared. As Hawthorne navigates the reader through the passages of his dark tale, one follows Hester as she goes to Governor Bellinghams mansion. Light is reflected by almost every aspect of the extravagant dwelling. Through the narrators words, we see the Governors house as Hester sees it: â€Å"†¦though partly muffled by a curtain, it [the hallway] was more powerfully illuminated by one of those embowed hall windows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne 101). One can envision the brilliant sunlight streaming though the immense window, slicing through the facade of the Governors feigned sanctity. Is not simplicity one of the fundamental tenets of the Puritan faith Yet Bellingham, the very person that passed judgment on Hester and her sin is laid bare to the readers opened eye. Here, light shows Governor Bellingham to be corrupt due to his improvident lifestyle. In his genius, Hawthorne defines light not only as a presence, but as an animate consciousness. Still acting as a tool of God, light seems to run away from Hester when she tries to touch it. Pearl, in her inexplicable intuitiveness, says to Hester, â€Å"†¦the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom† (Hawthorne 180). Although Pearl makes this comment concerning the scarlet â€Å"A†, one may argue that the sunlight is actually afraid of Hesters sin, and not the scarlet â€Å"A†. In this case, light is used to remind Hester of her sin and to bring it to the front of her mind as punishment for her adultery. Not only does light show Hesters sin to herself, it shows her sin to others as well. Near the end of the story, Mistress Hibbins speaks with Hester, â€Å"I know thee, Hester; for I behold the token. We may all see it in the sunshine; and it glows like a red flame in the dark† (Hawthorne 237). By shining on the palpable reminder of Hesters sin, the sunlight screams to others of the scarlet letters noncorporeal counterpart: her immorality. Though the scarlet â€Å"A† is intrinsically only a superficial indication of Hesters sin, Mistress Hibbins goes beyond this surface detail when she says, â€Å"I know thee†, implying that she perceives the immutable nature of Hesters sin. Light can expose not only exterior indications of human sin, but can also make known the sin itself. Hawthorne leaves the reader with a crystal clear picture of how light is a brutal reminder of mans permanent sin. It cuts, pierces, even shatters the masks which man tries to place over his sin. Man no longer falls on his knees in awe of the dazzling lightning bolt or the godlike rays of sunlight through misty clouds. He no longer regards light as a magical deity to be worshipped. Despite this, Hawthorne again bestows upon light its original glory as a thing of God. Its role remains constant as an exhibitor of iniquity, a spotlight lancing into the sordid darkness of mankinds damned souls.

My Cv

OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE CURRICULUM VITAE FOR ACADEMIC STAFF A PERSONAL DATA: 1. Name:APELOKO David Olubunmi (Surname) (Other names) 2. Date and Place of Birth: 19th September, 1979; Ilawe Ekiti 3. Nationality:Nigerian 4. State of Origin:Ekiti State 5. Senatorial District: Ekiti South 6. Local Government Area:Ekiti South West Local Government 7. Permanent Home Address:Line 1, Modomo Layout, The Dawn B/S, Ile – Ife. 8. Marital Status:Married 9. No. of Children and their Ages:One: 3 years. 10.Name and Address of Spouse: Mrs Olubunmi-Apeloko Kehinde Line 1, Modomo Area, the Dawn B/S, Ile – Ife 11. Date of Assumption Duty: March 1st, 2012 12. Status on First Appointment:Graduate Assistant 13. Present Position: Graduate Assistant 14. Date of Present Appointment: February 28th, 2012 15. Present Salary: CONUAS 01, step 2 16. Date of Confirmation Appointment: Not Applicable 17. If Not Confirmed, Why? :Duration Not Yet Attained 18. Faculty:Administration 19. Department /UnitPublic Administration B. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: 1. Higher Educational Institution Attended with Dates: ) Obafemi Awolowo University (2010-2013) b) Obafemi Awolowo University (2003-2007) 2. Academic and Professional Qualifications: a) M. Sc Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University (2013) b) B. Sc Political Science Obafemi Awolowo University (2007) 3. Other Distinctions and Awards (with Dates): Nil 4. Specialization: Comparative studies, Political communication, Conflict Management, Public policy, HRM and Governance 5. Fields of Interest: Conflict Study and Resolution, Comparative studies, New Media Communication, Public policy Analysis, HRM and Governance C.WORK EXPERIENCE 1. Previous Work Experience outside the University System Associate Lecturer, Osun State College of Education, Ila (Ife Study Center) 2. Work Experience in the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Graduate Assistant since February, 2012 till date 3. Courses Taught within the last Academic Session: PAD 301 – Organisation and Administrative Theory (Assisting-Lecturer-in-charge) PAD 306- Traditional Administrative System in Nigeria (Assisting-Lecturer-in-charge) PAD 401 – Local Government Administration in Nigeria (Assisting-Lecturer-in-charge)D. MEMBERSHIP OF PROFESSIONAL BODIES Member, National Association of Political Science (NAPS) Graduate member, Nigeria Institute of Management (NIM) E. PUBLICATIONS: 1. Thesis/Dissertation: i) The Impact of Domestic Policies on Nigerian Foreign Policy under President Olusegun Obasanjo (1999-2007) (B. Sc Dissertation, Obafemi Awolowo University. Ile – Ife) ii) An Assessment of the Role of the Mass Media in President Obasanjo’s Third Term Agenda. , (M. Sc Thesis submitted to the Department of Political Science, OAU, Ile- Ife. ) 2. Review of Book Nil 3a. Published Articles 1.Ayeni O. O. and Apeloko D. O. (2013): Political Party Finance: An Examination of the Three Dominant Political Parties in 2007 Governorship Election i n Ekiti State. JABU International Journal of Social and Management Sciences. Vol. 4. No 1. pp 128-143 ?2. Olaiya T. A.. Apeloko D. O and Ayeni O. O. (2013). Factors in Mass Media, Third- Term Agenda and Governance in Nigeria. American Journal of New Mass Media and Mass Communication. Vol. 10. pp 48-62. b. Published Conference Proceedings Nil 4. Manuscripts Accepted for Publication (a) Apeloko D. O. and Ayeni O. O. (2013). â€Å"Tyrant Democrats†, the Third Term Agenda and the Nature of Mass Media’ Role. Quarterly Journal of Administration. b) Apeloko D. O. and Ayeni O. O. (2012). National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) in Post- Crisis Management Project in Jos, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Social and Development Issues, University of Calabar, Calabar. 5. Manuscripts Submitted for Publication: a) Reporting Human Right Accurately: Panacea for Economic Development in Nigeria b) Apeloko D. Olubunmi and Ayeni O. O. (2012). New Paradigm of Political Violence in Nigeria: M apping the Territory of Theories. . Creative Work: Nil 7. Technical Reports: Nil 8. Papers and Works in Preparation Human Resource Management in Post-Bank Merger/Acquisition in Nigeria: A thoughtful examination of Access Bank Plc. _________________________________________________________ ? Foreign publication F. PROFESSIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENT: Research works on different subjects within the spectrum of politics and administration. G. CONFERENCE ATTENDED 50th anniversary international conference organized by the department of History, OAU, Ile – Ife, 28th-31st October, 2012 on Security Challenge in Nigeria.H CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES An Assessment of National ICT Policy in Nigeria and the Implication for the Promotion of Good Governance. I. EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Thinking and discussing J. ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION Duties within the department 1. Secretary, Departmental meeting 2. Assisting Part three Adviser †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Signature Date

Effects of technology Essay

Technology is the specific scope of idea in which it reflects the overall application of knowledge towards the development of society (Bilton, 2007). In this aspect, greater improvements in the people’s way of life are the considerations involved in order to measure the effect of technology. Today, computers are among the most influential products of technology that have already changed the way people do their tasks. To evaluate the scale of such change, the realization that almost everything on this planet runs with the help of computers is a good aspect to consider. The most essential goal in fabricating computers was to help in the data process techniques to simplify the task of using them for everyday life. Since its inception in the middle of the 20th century, the social structures of the world population has already changed. The integration of computers to almost every type of tasks has made it much easier for people to complete responsibilities that would otherwise require enormous effort and time resources. An example on how computers have changed the society may be seen in the aspect of communications. Previously, the terms like internet, chat and video conferencing have no meaning. However, today’s computer technology has provided the essential convenience of communicating with another person from across any parts of the globe. A simple click on a web browser and sending an electronic letter is very much possible. It has provided greater channels for communications in a way that ease of use is not compromised. One more feature of computers, which modified the way society does things, is their capability of integrating with almost any other pre-existing devices. Today, television sets, cameras, bank machines, grocery scanners and vehicles are using devices that were primarily fabricated with the use of computers. Because of its capability to run tests for data management, it has been very easy for product manufacturers to see opportunities for technical improvements. Computers are now considered the basic platform that enables newer devices to run. Integrated circuits in all electronic devices are utilizing he same scope of computer based technology (Wikipedia, 2007). Lastly, computers are becoming the â€Å"multiplier† devices in which other patterned ideas will be introduced. Because of the scale of presence computers has in today’s society, a simple modification procedure to improve a product or service can cause greater developments for other segments of the public. Just like what happened in the business sector wherein almost all financial transactions are now done electronically. From a simple idea of using computers as a mean to collect money figures, it has developed into aspects no one has ever imagined before; internet banking, fund transfer-monitoring, calculations of stocks and online purchasing are no all possible with computer technology. Realizing the effect of technology in the lives of the people permits the society to consider developing more opportunities. With the significant social changes brought about by computer technology, people have been equipped to face the challenges of the future.

Developmental Assets

EDU360 Developmental Assets July 2010 Education is one of the most important aspects of any child’s life. One day I hope to be a positive and successful teacher, where children need and want to have me be a part of their learning and successes throughout their lives. Educational philosophy has changed over the decades, and still today, not everyone is in total and complete agreement on the subject. Nevertheless, one thing is certain: philosophy is the groundwork of learning styles. All children learn differently and no one philosophy is completely correct. Children are not a one size fit all it comes in a verity of style and beliefs. If we start to guile them by being a good role model, you will be giving the needed equity’s to the young people, by giving the need path to go down for success life. There are four basic educational philosophies that exist including idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. These four philosophies are not the same, but they do attempt to aim for a similar if not the same goal. To put it simply, they are trying to better our educational system. Every teacher has a different style of teaching that can be reflected as their own. For every teacher that is in one way or another stand by the four basic philosophies. The more assets they have, the more they thrive and the less likely they are to take part in risky behavior. Physical characteristics of these children play a huge part it is formed from good relationships, opportunities, and personal qualities these young children will find essential to avoid risks and to thrive in their lives. Teachers most keep in mind that development and improvement of assets is an ongoing process. Not all children possess the same asset but all can grow and develop over time. We need to pass as many assets as we can to the children we encounter one time or daily. Teaching our children to make smart decisions, be responsible students and caring citizens is a goal for all educators. By teaching young children at a young age of kindergarten through third grade to me is the foundation once they are out of the home. Learning new things, through new soundings by teaching boundaries and what the expectations are to give a type of empowerment. With the start of strong relationships between adults and young children, peers are central to asset building. Everyone can build assets needed to success. All children, youth and even adults can and are building the required assets through community and family, by playing their own roles. It is done through positive support in a constructive, active home and school. By giving the core to their self-confidence, this will stay with them as they grow. It important to install empowerment to all children, this can be done by positive reinforcement. Complement day is a fun rewarding why to teach this. Developmental Assets are important for any child to learn to possess them betterThese are important characteristics for all children regardless of background, gender, economic status, ace or family situation (Webb, 2010 p. 227). To have these as early as possible help the children avoid risks and stay away from participating in risky behavior. It helps them learn how to make good choices and caring responsible adults (Schultz, 2006). It really is the foundation to represent to relationships opportunities, and personal qualities that all young people need not be a risk. There is a list of the 40 developmental assents web page is http://www. earch-institute. org/assets for all ages. Developmental assets are broken up into 20 External Assets and 20 Internal Assets. Each one dives into four categories. External Assets: Support, empowerment, boundaries, constructive use of one’s time and expectations these are needed to help give a rounded life. Teachers have the responsibility for these young so they end up with the creating internal assets too. There needs to be an allied commitment to nurture their core qualities, which will guide them to their choices, which will help generate a well-balanced self, capable of resolving issues, and focusing on opportunities. These four categories of internal assets are: a pledge to learn social skills, positive morals, and social skills and give them a positive identity about themselves. For teacher, developmental assets are is the foundation to a wide-range of children and adolescent growth, the ability to spring back for setbacks, and one social and mental health. The more assets young people have the better. Children with more assets at a young age will most likely grow up to be considerate of other, able to accomplish more and become responsible adults. These individuals contribute to their society with a meaningful purpose for their lives. So just by taking the time to know who they are gives a strong foundation the can build on. It’s important to help the children find their loyalty to learning with positive values. This can be done through social planning and decision making, which will give them a positive self-esteem. What it comes down to is that Developmental Assets are the ground work for basic life skills and traits that are a very important start for children to have successful growth and development. It is like giving them the tools to ensure that they have skills to deal with if experiences they will encounter on to make a successful adult. Capable of making good choices for themselves and being that positive influence needed for the others around them. The song the comes to mind is by Michael Jackson called I believe that children are our furthers, it is a example of what is need so badly in our community. The three risk factors I have chosen are low parental support, mentally ill parents, and participating in public assistance programs. Parental support/involvement in education and home is a vital fundamental start to a successful life. Without the support of inside and outside of the school gives a greater chance of a child being at risk. Just by attending parent-teacher conferences, showing interest, and setting expectations makes more of a difference to a child than one realizes. To me, school is important at any age, but a child with low parental support may never see the importance of it through the parent and needs to get support. Another way for a child to be at risk is having a mentally ill parent. Mental illness can have social problems causing many issues within families, school and work. It is not easy for a child to cope with a mentally ill parent. It can cause the role to be reversed the child take care of the parent, leaving no support in the schools and lack of a role model. The child can be neglected or put in to danger. There are children from broken homes that are at risk too. These children are at higher risk in education. There are a wide range of behaviors that come up with a broken home. It has a huge influence on academic performance, psychological and emotional suffering, social misbehavior and teen pregnancy to name just a few. There is a study that says â€Å"children that come from broken homes were three times more likely to suffer from attention deficit disorders than children form intact homes† (Schultz, 2006). Children model the behavior that they see the ones they look up to. If it is lacking the home it is the teacher’s role job to give them positive engagement that will develop the wonted assets. â€Å"Developmental Assets model is a philosophical approach to developing youth rather than criticizing them so they can avoid negative behavior and excel at positive behavior†(Codie, 2010 ). To be a mentor to students at the level they are in need of. Our children in school today have a growing need for stronger home to school connection than ever as the deal with a variety of situations, having anything from a mentally ill parent, to children that are dependent on different programs due to providers not having the finances, right down to having very little parental support. Our children are dealing with increasing choices and need a strong support system to depend on outside of school. Being a family with good communication skills gives children empowerment of safety and good resources that can be used in school and the community. As a school, there are lots of different ways to help children feel like they are fully capable of achieving their true potential. There are a variety of controversial situations children face each and every day inside and outside of schools. In school, there are small groups that play games that address situation they may face on a daily basis from bullying, dealing with anger and how to deal with it appropriate to the situation on the card. Some schools have exemplary programs for dealing with anger, showing them faces on a chart and how they are feeling and what the next step is to stop the anger. It is on the child desk or note book and every classroom wall. This is allowing the child in control of their behavior and letting them learn they can achieve this goal. The biggest thing is to get the parents involved in the handling of what is best for their child. Teachers can make a great impact on our world through the relationships with students. Teachers should help each student meet their fullest potential by providing an atmosphere that is safe, able to support risk-taking and encourages a circulation of ideas. To see the connection to learning through the eyes of the child taught by am inspire is the highest level of sat faction. In education it is a process and sadly some are overlooked. As a teacher, the students would be main concern, guiding me in my philosophy of teaching. It takes experiences and we all have much to learn but to strive to do to teach each and every child as I enter into the workforce. I think the environment should always contribute to an environment that is allowing the teacher to be the guide, it should also be a place that let the child natural interest are free to learn form and the finally one is to show respect for all. Helping students to find the inner nd support in their path success, on most be a mentor and teacher that helps all in need, and by doing this the world is going to be a better place. Class rooms should be about the students and what they can bring to their success. The surrounding that the students are in each day makes a different. When using pictures and things to relate to their class in a contributing to their educational needs. Visual aids are a way to let th e child bring success as a whole but for them self too. Showing the children of the future that they have the ability to learn with the tools available is the role of a teacher. A thriving classroom/school is to teach children how to communicate their own beliefs and nurture their own ideas. Children learn from teaches commination and it leads to trust and positive relations. A simple way to teach this by having a time set aside each week for the children to draw a name and to give a complement to the other students. It builds respect as well confidence for the speaker and receiver. In conclusion, it the student that come first and that is the foundation on which all teaching decisions should be booked. To keep an open mind is to be flexible, each and every one learns a little differently. We as teacher have to learn and change as to what the children’s needs are. We all have the potential to bring something unique and special to the table but when the door is open at a young age more doors will open. Through the use of assets using communication and treating them like we all want to be treated things work out for the best. All it takes is the time to find the common ground between you and any child. One life touch is one step closer to success. It’s like planting seeds for the future and instilling healthy balance in their life. References: Codie McLachlan. (2010, April 30). 0 Assets videos target adults as well as youths. Saint City News, 17. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from Canadian Newsstand Complete. (Document ID: 2045205771). Gudrun Schultz (2006, January 16). Broken Family Structure Leads to Educational Difficulties for Children http://www. lifesitenews. com/ldn/2006/jan/06011605. html Schultz Gudrun (January 16, 2006). Broken Family Structure Leads to Educational Difficulties for Children http://www. lifesitenews. com/ldn/2006/jan/06011605. html Webb, L. D. , Metha, A. & Jordan K. F. (2010). Foundations of American Education (6th ed. ). Developmental Assets EDU360 Developmental Assets July 2010 Education is one of the most important aspects of any child’s life. One day I hope to be a positive and successful teacher, where children need and want to have me be a part of their learning and successes throughout their lives. Educational philosophy has changed over the decades, and still today, not everyone is in total and complete agreement on the subject. Nevertheless, one thing is certain: philosophy is the groundwork of learning styles. All children learn differently and no one philosophy is completely correct. Children are not a one size fit all it comes in a verity of style and beliefs. If we start to guile them by being a good role model, you will be giving the needed equity’s to the young people, by giving the need path to go down for success life. There are four basic educational philosophies that exist including idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. These four philosophies are not the same, but they do attempt to aim for a similar if not the same goal. To put it simply, they are trying to better our educational system. Every teacher has a different style of teaching that can be reflected as their own. For every teacher that is in one way or another stand by the four basic philosophies. The more assets they have, the more they thrive and the less likely they are to take part in risky behavior. Physical characteristics of these children play a huge part it is formed from good relationships, opportunities, and personal qualities these young children will find essential to avoid risks and to thrive in their lives. Teachers most keep in mind that development and improvement of assets is an ongoing process. Not all children possess the same asset but all can grow and develop over time. We need to pass as many assets as we can to the children we encounter one time or daily. Teaching our children to make smart decisions, be responsible students and caring citizens is a goal for all educators. By teaching young children at a young age of kindergarten through third grade to me is the foundation once they are out of the home. Learning new things, through new soundings by teaching boundaries and what the expectations are to give a type of empowerment. With the start of strong relationships between adults and young children, peers are central to asset building. Everyone can build assets needed to success. All children, youth and even adults can and are building the required assets through community and family, by playing their own roles. It is done through positive support in a constructive, active home and school. By giving the core to their self-confidence, this will stay with them as they grow. It important to install empowerment to all children, this can be done by positive reinforcement. Complement day is a fun rewarding why to teach this. Developmental Assets are important for any child to learn to possess them betterThese are important characteristics for all children regardless of background, gender, economic status, ace or family situation (Webb, 2010 p. 227). To have these as early as possible help the children avoid risks and stay away from participating in risky behavior. It helps them learn how to make good choices and caring responsible adults (Schultz, 2006). It really is the foundation to represent to relationships opportunities, and personal qualities that all young people need not be a risk. There is a list of the 40 developmental assents web page is http://www. earch-institute. org/assets for all ages. Developmental assets are broken up into 20 External Assets and 20 Internal Assets. Each one dives into four categories. External Assets: Support, empowerment, boundaries, constructive use of one’s time and expectations these are needed to help give a rounded life. Teachers have the responsibility for these young so they end up with the creating internal assets too. There needs to be an allied commitment to nurture their core qualities, which will guide them to their choices, which will help generate a well-balanced self, capable of resolving issues, and focusing on opportunities. These four categories of internal assets are: a pledge to learn social skills, positive morals, and social skills and give them a positive identity about themselves. For teacher, developmental assets are is the foundation to a wide-range of children and adolescent growth, the ability to spring back for setbacks, and one social and mental health. The more assets young people have the better. Children with more assets at a young age will most likely grow up to be considerate of other, able to accomplish more and become responsible adults. These individuals contribute to their society with a meaningful purpose for their lives. So just by taking the time to know who they are gives a strong foundation the can build on. It’s important to help the children find their loyalty to learning with positive values. This can be done through social planning and decision making, which will give them a positive self-esteem. What it comes down to is that Developmental Assets are the ground work for basic life skills and traits that are a very important start for children to have successful growth and development. It is like giving them the tools to ensure that they have skills to deal with if experiences they will encounter on to make a successful adult. Capable of making good choices for themselves and being that positive influence needed for the others around them. The song the comes to mind is by Michael Jackson called I believe that children are our furthers, it is a example of what is need so badly in our community. The three risk factors I have chosen are low parental support, mentally ill parents, and participating in public assistance programs. Parental support/involvement in education and home is a vital fundamental start to a successful life. Without the support of inside and outside of the school gives a greater chance of a child being at risk. Just by attending parent-teacher conferences, showing interest, and setting expectations makes more of a difference to a child than one realizes. To me, school is important at any age, but a child with low parental support may never see the importance of it through the parent and needs to get support. Another way for a child to be at risk is having a mentally ill parent. Mental illness can have social problems causing many issues within families, school and work. It is not easy for a child to cope with a mentally ill parent. It can cause the role to be reversed the child take care of the parent, leaving no support in the schools and lack of a role model. The child can be neglected or put in to danger. There are children from broken homes that are at risk too. These children are at higher risk in education. There are a wide range of behaviors that come up with a broken home. It has a huge influence on academic performance, psychological and emotional suffering, social misbehavior and teen pregnancy to name just a few. There is a study that says â€Å"children that come from broken homes were three times more likely to suffer from attention deficit disorders than children form intact homes† (Schultz, 2006). Children model the behavior that they see the ones they look up to. If it is lacking the home it is the teacher’s role job to give them positive engagement that will develop the wonted assets. â€Å"Developmental Assets model is a philosophical approach to developing youth rather than criticizing them so they can avoid negative behavior and excel at positive behavior†(Codie, 2010 ). To be a mentor to students at the level they are in need of. Our children in school today have a growing need for stronger home to school connection than ever as the deal with a variety of situations, having anything from a mentally ill parent, to children that are dependent on different programs due to providers not having the finances, right down to having very little parental support. Our children are dealing with increasing choices and need a strong support system to depend on outside of school. Being a family with good communication skills gives children empowerment of safety and good resources that can be used in school and the community. As a school, there are lots of different ways to help children feel like they are fully capable of achieving their true potential. There are a variety of controversial situations children face each and every day inside and outside of schools. In school, there are small groups that play games that address situation they may face on a daily basis from bullying, dealing with anger and how to deal with it appropriate to the situation on the card. Some schools have exemplary programs for dealing with anger, showing them faces on a chart and how they are feeling and what the next step is to stop the anger. It is on the child desk or note book and every classroom wall. This is allowing the child in control of their behavior and letting them learn they can achieve this goal. The biggest thing is to get the parents involved in the handling of what is best for their child. Teachers can make a great impact on our world through the relationships with students. Teachers should help each student meet their fullest potential by providing an atmosphere that is safe, able to support risk-taking and encourages a circulation of ideas. To see the connection to learning through the eyes of the child taught by am inspire is the highest level of sat faction. In education it is a process and sadly some are overlooked. As a teacher, the students would be main concern, guiding me in my philosophy of teaching. It takes experiences and we all have much to learn but to strive to do to teach each and every child as I enter into the workforce. I think the environment should always contribute to an environment that is allowing the teacher to be the guide, it should also be a place that let the child natural interest are free to learn form and the finally one is to show respect for all. Helping students to find the inner nd support in their path success, on most be a mentor and teacher that helps all in need, and by doing this the world is going to be a better place. Class rooms should be about the students and what they can bring to their success. The surrounding that the students are in each day makes a different. When using pictures and things to relate to their class in a contributing to their educational needs. Visual aids are a way to let th e child bring success as a whole but for them self too. Showing the children of the future that they have the ability to learn with the tools available is the role of a teacher. A thriving classroom/school is to teach children how to communicate their own beliefs and nurture their own ideas. Children learn from teaches commination and it leads to trust and positive relations. A simple way to teach this by having a time set aside each week for the children to draw a name and to give a complement to the other students. It builds respect as well confidence for the speaker and receiver. In conclusion, it the student that come first and that is the foundation on which all teaching decisions should be booked. To keep an open mind is to be flexible, each and every one learns a little differently. We as teacher have to learn and change as to what the children’s needs are. We all have the potential to bring something unique and special to the table but when the door is open at a young age more doors will open. Through the use of assets using communication and treating them like we all want to be treated things work out for the best. All it takes is the time to find the common ground between you and any child. One life touch is one step closer to success. It’s like planting seeds for the future and instilling healthy balance in their life. References: Codie McLachlan. (2010, April 30). 0 Assets videos target adults as well as youths. Saint City News, 17. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from Canadian Newsstand Complete. (Document ID: 2045205771). Gudrun Schultz (2006, January 16). Broken Family Structure Leads to Educational Difficulties for Children http://www. lifesitenews. com/ldn/2006/jan/06011605. html Schultz Gudrun (January 16, 2006). Broken Family Structure Leads to Educational Difficulties for Children http://www. lifesitenews. com/ldn/2006/jan/06011605. html Webb, L. D. , Metha, A. & Jordan K. F. (2010). Foundations of American Education (6th ed. ).

“Once More to the Lake” by E.B. White Essay

1.In paragraphs two, ten, and twelve of â€Å"Once More to the Lake,† White’s brilliant use of metaphors, similes, and personification illustrates a lucid image of the speaker’s intertwining past and present for the reader. White starts paragraph ten with a fragment, â€Å"Peace and goodness and jollity,† and creates a great emphasis on his past and current feelings. He continues to illustrate his past memories with a personification of the vocal senses as he explains the sound of the motorboats; â€Å"the one-lungers throbbed and fluttered, and the twin-cylinder ones purred and purred, and that was a quiet sound too.† He then compares this beautiful memory of the past to his current experience of the outboard powerboats, and exclaims, â€Å"These motors †¦ whined about one’s ears like mosquitoes.† This contrasting simile outlines the speaker’s transition from one point of time to another within his illusion. He continues to use a metaphor to describe the behavior of the old boats, and explains, â€Å"The boat would leap ahead, charging bull-fashion at the dock.† After a thunderstorm passes, White describes his son as he is entering the water; â€Å"As he buckled the swollen belt suddenly my groin felt the chill of death.† The â€Å"chill of death† is a metaphor for the truth White finds himself a part of, even though he is experiencing both his past and present. He realizes that the life course that leads to death starts with birth, and that his son’s maturity also means that the end of White is approaching. This, along with his allusion between past and present, allow White to develop his universal truth within his text. At first, while his illusion from the similar shape of the outdoors gives the false perception that time has not past, his pinpointing of the different identities of the son and father serves as testimony that the cycle from birth to death is universal. 2.In â€Å"Once More to the Lake,† White utilizes connotative words and phrases to establish the illusion that is the connection between childhood and adulthood. In his return to the lake, many years after his childhood, White confronts multiple changes as he struggles with the illusion that the peaceful world of his childhood, and his present existence within it, remain the same. In paragraph one, White describes the things that remind him of past memories with the words, â€Å"Restlessness of the tides and the fearful cold of the sea water and the incessant wind.† These words all have negative  connotations, and let the reader know that the speaker’s present experiences make him wish to go back â€Å"to revisit old haunts.† These words and their negative connotations are crucial to the nature of the illusion the speaker is describing. It provides the pretext of why he wishes for memories of his past. White says, while fishing with his son; â€Å"I looked at the boy who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hands that held his rod, my eyes watching. I felt dizzy and didn’t know which rod I was at the end of.† These connotative words allow White to establish a connection between young and old, past and present, then and now. These linked ideas blur the line between birth and death, and serve to establish the truth that the cycle from creation and mortality is universal. 3.White employs many descriptive details throughout his story. He creates contrasting symbols, almost placed as an antithesis, to illustrate his realization of age, and the universality of life to death. Taking his son fishing is the event that convinces him â€Å"beyond any doubt that everything was as it always had been, that the years were a mirage and that there had been no years.† A dragonfly that lands on the tip of his son’s fishing rod ignites this feeling that the two, both son and father, are the same individual. When he lowered the tip of his rod â€Å"into the water, tentatively, pensively dislodging the fly, which darted two feet away, poised, darted two feet back, and came to rest again a little farther up the rod,† he asserts that â€Å"there had been no years between the ducking of this dragonfly and the other one – the one that was part of memory.† Here, White’s language has bulls-eye precision, and the dragon fly is transformed into a representation of the continuous cycle of life and death. The present mixing with his past experience is again validated with details of the lake that â€Å"had never been what you would call a wild lake.† It is a calm, tranquil, and bounded place where youth is apparent. Here, the lake represents the familiarity of one’s past. This description is contrasted with the sea, as it comes right after the description of the endless body of water. The sea has the remnant memories of â€Å"restlessness of the tides and the fearful cold of the sea water and the incessant wind.† The sea symbolizes the harshness of aging, while the lake symbolizes the familiarity and safety of youth and the past.